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Related Concept Videos

Hydrogen Bonds01:04

Hydrogen Bonds

15.9K
A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...
15.9K
Hydrogen Bonds00:26

Hydrogen Bonds

136.1K
Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.
Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!
Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are unequally shared....
136.1K
Alkyl Halides02:45

Alkyl Halides

21.2K
Structural Properties
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
Unlike alkyl halides, compounds in which a halogen atom is bonded to an sp2 -hybridized carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are called vinyl halides. Whereas aryl...
21.2K
Electrophiles02:28

Electrophiles

13.3K
This lesson explains the definition, classification, and characteristic features of an electrophile that are key features of nucleophilic substitution reactions. An analysis of their charge and orbital picture helps understand their reactivity for seeking electrons. Electrophiles can be classified into positive and neutral species. Other classes include free radicals and polar functional groups.
While a positive electrophile, like a proton, reacts due to its vacant, low-energy 1s orbital, the...
13.3K
Covalent Bonding and Lewis Structures02:46

Covalent Bonding and Lewis Structures

67.3K
Compared to ionic bonds, which results from the transfer of electrons between metallic and nonmetallic atoms, covalent bonds result from the mutual attraction of atoms for a “shared” pair of electrons.
67.3K
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

53.5K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
53.5K

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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

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Halogen bonding anion recognition.

Asha Brown1, Paul D Beer1

  • 1Chemical Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK. paul.beer@chem.ox.ac.uk.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|June 9, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Halogen bonds, crucial for molecular interactions, are increasingly utilized for solution-phase anion recognition. This research explores advanced halogen-bonding hosts, including rotaxanes and catenanes, for effective anion binding.

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Chemical Biology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Halogen bonding is an attractive non-covalent interaction.
  • Historically, its use was limited to crystal engineering.
  • Its potential in solution-phase processes was recently recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize advancements in solution-phase halogen-bond-mediated anion recognition.
  • To survey halogen-bond donor motifs in anion receptor design.
  • To present research on mechanically interlocked frameworks as anion hosts.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on halogen-bond-donor motifs.
  • Design and application of iodoperfluoroarene, haloimidazolium, and halotriazole/triazolium receptors.
  • Investigation of rotaxane and catenane frameworks for anion binding.

Main Results:

  • Emergence of numerous studies on solution-phase halogen-bond-mediated anion recognition.
  • Successful application of specific halogen-bond donor motifs in anion receptor design.
  • Demonstration of mechanically interlocked molecules as effective halogen bonding anion hosts.

Conclusions:

  • Halogen bonding is a powerful, versatile interaction for solution-phase anion recognition.
  • Advanced receptor designs, including interlocked frameworks, show significant promise.
  • This field is rapidly developing with broad implications for molecular recognition.