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Related Concept Videos

Curing Methods01:26

Curing Methods

359
Concrete members with a small surface-to-volume ratio are cured by oiling and moistening the forms before casting the concrete member. These forms can be left in place for a prolonged period to prevent moisture loss, and can be wetted if made of a material suitable for wetting. If the forms are removed early, the concrete member is moistened and covered with polythene sheets to maintain moisture. For large horizontal concrete surfaces exposed to dry weather, a temporary covering is suspended...
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Curing of Concrete01:20

Curing of Concrete

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The hydration of cement takes place within the water-filled capillary pores. However, environmental elements can disrupt this process by evaporating water from the concrete surfaces. Sealed concrete with a water-cement ratio below 0.5 experiences self-desiccation, leading to water loss. The water loss in concrete is mitigated by curing. This technique involves keeping the concrete saturated to maintain the necessary temperature and moisture conditions, to optimally fill the spaces in the cement...
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Cystic Fibrosis: Management01:24

Cystic Fibrosis: Management

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Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder that predominantly affects individuals of Northern European descent, occurring at a rate of 1 in 3500. It is caused by a genetic mutation in a gene on chromosome 7, most commonly the ΔF508 mutation, that codes for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. This results in thicker mucus secretions and obstruction pathologies in multiple organs, including the lungs and sinuses.
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Treatment Resistent Cancers02:56

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Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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Guidance on the clinical management of HIV-1 persistent low-level viraemia on antiretroviral treatment: a scoping review and an international Delphi consensus.

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Improving Student Outcomes with an Adaptable Molecular Cloning Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experience
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Why cure, why now?

Daniel R Kuritzkes1,2

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Journal of Medical Ethics
|June 9, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) prevents HIV complications but requires lifelong treatment. Research into HIV cures, including stem cell and immune therapies, presents new challenges balancing risks and benefits.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) effectively manages human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection by reducing morbidity and mortality.
  • Despite its efficacy, cART does not eliminate the virus, necessitating lifelong administration for individuals with HIV.
  • The persistent presence of HIV necessitates ongoing research into curative strategies beyond current treatment paradigms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research advancements toward achieving a functional cure for HIV infection.
  • To identify and evaluate diverse therapeutic approaches currently under investigation for HIV eradication.
  • To highlight the critical considerations regarding the risk-benefit balance in HIV cure research.

Main Methods:

Keywords:
Clinical trialsEthicsHIV Infection and AIDS

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  • Review of current scientific literature on HIV cure strategies.
  • Analysis of emerging therapeutic modalities, including stem cell transplantation, latency-reversing agents, and immunotherapy.
  • Discussion of the ethical and practical challenges associated with clinical trials for novel HIV therapies.

    • Main Results:

    • Multiple promising avenues for HIV cure are being explored, including hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, latency-reactivating agents, immune-based therapies, and cell-based therapies.
    • Each investigational approach carries inherent risks that require careful evaluation.
    • The potential benefits of these novel therapies must be rigorously assessed against the established safety and efficacy of current cART.

    Conclusions:

    • Significant progress is being made in the pursuit of an HIV cure, moving beyond lifelong management.
    • Balancing the potential risks and benefits of experimental HIV cure strategies is a complex challenge for all stakeholders.
    • Careful consideration and informed consent are paramount for participants in HIV cure research, given the evolving landscape of treatment and the availability of effective cART.