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Dental abrasion as a cutting process.

Peter W Lucas1, Mark Wagner2, Khaled Al-Fadhalah3

  • 1Department of Bioclinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry , Kuwait University , PO Box 24923, Safat 11310 , Kuwait.

Interface Focus
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Summary

Mammalian tooth enamel exhibits high wear resistance, comparable to its toughness when subjected to cutting actions. This study quanties enamel

Keywords:
biomechanicscuttingdental functiondental wearmammalian diets

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Paleontology
  • Tribology

Background:

  • Tooth abrasion, caused by particle contact, leads to tissue loss and impairs food processing.
  • Mammalian evolutionary adaptations highlight the significance of preventing tooth wear.
  • Wear marks often result from a cutting action by abrasive particles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the wear resistance of mammalian tooth enamel by measuring its toughness.
  • To investigate the relationship between enamel toughness, friction, and wear.
  • To assess the impact of specific compounds on enamel wear potential.

Main Methods:

  • Cutting tests were performed on enamel to simulate abrasive wear.
  • Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was used for high-resolution imaging of surface damage.
  • Enamel toughness was quantified based on groove cutting with a Berkovich diamond indenter.

Main Results:

  • Enamel exhibited a very high toughness in cutting, measured at 244 J m⁻².
  • Observed damage included plastic deformation, fracture, and microcracking.
  • Increased friction and wear potential were noted in the presence of a polyphenolic compound.

Conclusions:

  • Mammalian enamel possesses exceptional toughness, contributing to its wear resistance.
  • Cutting tests provide a reliable method for assessing material toughness and wear.
  • Polyphenolic compounds may exacerbate tooth wear, warranting further investigation.