[Introduction to the molecular diagnostic methods of oncohematology]

Owing to our rapidly expanding knowledge on the genetic background of various oncohematologic diseases and the introduction of novel targeted therapies, molecular genetic techniques have been playing an increasingly important role in the diagnostics and follow-up of hematological malignancies. The various DNA- and RNA-based in situ hybridization, polymerase chain reaction and sequencing technologies are of key significance in diagnostics, classification and prognostic assessment of these diseases, as well as in the monitoring of minimal residual disease and selection of the most appropriate targeted therapy. This review provides an overview on the background and applications of the molecular methods most commonly used in oncohematological diagnostics.