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Related Concept Videos

Infertility in Females01:28

Infertility in Females

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Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
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In Vitro Fertilization01:24

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In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
The IVF process begins with ovarian stimulation, during which reproductive endocrinologists prescribe hormonal medications to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs instead of the single...
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Infertility in Males01:23

Infertility in Males

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Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
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Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography01:22

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

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IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...
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Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography01:22

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Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...
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Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography01:24

Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography

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IntroductionUltrasonography, or renal ultrasound, is a noninvasive medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and surrounding tissues.Indications for Urinary System UltrasonographyUrinary system ultrasonography is indicated in various clinical scenarios, such as:Kidney Stones (Urolithiasis): To detect and monitor the size and presence of kidney or urinary tract stones.Hydronephrosis: To assess the dilation of the renal pelvis and...
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Surgical Techniques to Optimize Ovarian Reserve during Laparoscopic Cystectomy for Ovarian Endometrioma
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Sonohysterosalpingography: a suitable choice in infertility workup.

Angela Graziano1, Giuseppe Lo Monte1, Ilaria Soave1

  • 1Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, Corso Giovecca n. 203, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.

Journal of Medical Ultrasonics (2001)
|June 10, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Sonohysterosalpingography (HyCoSy) is effective for evaluating the uterine cavity and tubal patency in infertile patients. It offers comparable accuracy to hysteroscopy and RX-hysterosalpingography (RX-HSG) at a lower cost and with less discomfort.

Keywords:
HysteroscopyInfertilityRX-hysterosalpingographySonohysterosalpingographyTubal patency

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive medicine
  • Diagnostic imaging
  • Gynecologic endoscopy

Background:

  • Infertility affects a significant portion of the population, necessitating accurate diagnostic tools.
  • Evaluating the uterine cavity and tubal patency are crucial steps in diagnosing infertility.
  • Sonohysterosalpingography (HyCoSy), hysteroscopy, and RX-hysterosalpingography (RX-HSG) are common diagnostic procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy, compliance, and cost-effectiveness of HyCoSy against hysteroscopy for uterine cavity assessment.
  • To compare the efficacy, compliance, and cost-effectiveness of HyCoSy against RX-HSG for tubal patency determination.
  • To evaluate diagnostic accuracy, patient discomfort, and procedural costs.

Main Methods:

  • A comparative study involving 308 infertile patients.
  • All patients underwent HyCoSy, hysteroscopy, and RX-HSG.
  • Key metrics included sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV), pain perception, and cost.

Main Results:

  • HyCoSy demonstrated higher sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV compared to hysteroscopy, though not statistically significant.
  • HyCoSy exhibited diagnostic accuracy comparable to RX-HSG.
  • RX-HSG and hysteroscopy were associated with higher pain perception and costs than HyCoSy.

Conclusions:

  • Sonohysterosalpingography (HyCoSy) is a viable option for the initial evaluation of both uterine cavity and tubal patency in infertile patients.
  • HyCoSy offers a favorable balance of diagnostic accuracy, patient comfort, and cost-effectiveness.
  • It can be considered a valuable tool in the infertility diagnostic workup.