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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Both high and low cholesterol levels are linked to cognitive decline.
  • Previous research has not extensively explored nonlinear relationships between cholesterol and neuropsychological function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the quadratic associations between total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol and cognitive performance in older adults.
  • To examine how age modifies these cholesterol-cognition relationships.

Main Methods:

  • 190 older adults (ages 54-83) without major diseases were studied.
  • Fasting plasma cholesterol (total, HDL) was measured; LDL was calculated.
  • Participants completed a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery; quadratic regression analyses were performed with age as a moderator.

Main Results:

  • Significant U-shaped and inverted U-shaped effects of total cholesterol and age on memory were observed.
  • Significant U-shaped and J-shaped effects of LDL cholesterol and age on visual-spatial and executive function were found.
  • No significant quadratic associations were found for HDL cholesterol and cognitive performance.

Conclusions:

  • Cholesterol's association with cognitive function is age-dependent and domain-specific.
  • Both high and low levels of total and LDL cholesterol may represent risk or benefit for cognitive function in different age groups.