Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

2.8K
Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
2.8K
Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

9.8K
Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
9.8K
Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

2.8K
The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
2.8K
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

8.0K
Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
8.0K
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

2.9K
2.9K
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

2.2K
Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
2.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The conserved N-terminal SANT1-binding domain (SBD) of EZH2 regulates PRC2 activity.

Genes & development·2026
Same author

Editorial Expression of Concern: Direct targeting of Sec23a by miR-200s influences cancer cell secretome and promotes metastatic colonization.

Nature medicine·2026
Same author

Defining the heterogeneous molecular landscape of lung cancer cell responses to epigenetic inhibition.

Communications biology·2026
Same author

Nuclear N-Glycosylation Redefines the Glycoscape and Directs Cell Identity.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Pseudouridine selects RNAs for extracellular transport.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

DNASE1L3 surveils mitochondrial DNA on the surface of distinct mammalian cells.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 19, 2026

HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries
10:10

HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries

Published on: March 31, 2019

8.9K

Co-repressor CBFA2T2 regulates pluripotency and germline development.

Shengjiang Tu1,2, Varun Narendra1,2, Masashi Yamaji3

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.

Nature
|June 10, 2016
PubMed
Summary

A novel protein, CBFA2T2, is crucial for germline specification and pluripotency in mice. It works with PRDM14 and OCT4 to regulate gene expression, ensuring proper development of primordial germ cells (PGCs).

More Related Videos

Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans
07:53

Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans

Published on: January 1, 2018

8.3K
Oct4GiP Reporter Assay to Study Genes that Regulate Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance and Self-renewal
08:01

Oct4GiP Reporter Assay to Study Genes that Regulate Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance and Self-renewal

Published on: May 30, 2012

10.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 19, 2026

HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries
10:10

HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries

Published on: March 31, 2019

8.9K
Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans
07:53

Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans

Published on: January 1, 2018

8.3K
Oct4GiP Reporter Assay to Study Genes that Regulate Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance and Self-renewal
08:01

Oct4GiP Reporter Assay to Study Genes that Regulate Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance and Self-renewal

Published on: May 30, 2012

10.9K

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Germ cells transmit genetic and epigenetic information across generations.
  • Primordial germ cells (PGCs) differentiate from somatic lineages and are precursors to gametes.
  • PGCs share pluripotency factors with embryonic stem (ES) cells, like OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, and PRDM14.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify novel factors regulating pluripotency and germline specification.
  • To elucidate the biochemical mechanism by which transcription factors control PGC-specific transcriptional programs.
  • To investigate the role of the co-repressor CBFA2T2 in germ cell development.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic analysis of Cbfa2t2 knockout mice.
  • Biochemical assays to identify protein complexes.
  • Chromatin immunoprecipitation to assess transcription factor binding.

Main Results:

  • Cbfa2t2 knockout mice exhibit severe defects in PGC maturation and epigenetic reprogramming.
  • CBFA2T2 forms a complex with the germline transcription factor PRDM14.
  • CBFA2T2 acts as a scaffold, stabilizing PRDM14 and OCT4 on chromatin.

Conclusions:

  • CBFA2T2 is a novel co-repressor essential for germline specification and pluripotency in mice.
  • CBFA2T2 functions synergistically with PRDM14 and OCT4 to regulate chromatin and gene expression.
  • This discovery sheds light on the biochemical mechanisms governing developmental plasticity between uni- and pluripotency in germ cells.