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Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Extraction of Structural Extracellular Polymeric Substances from Aerobic Granular Sludge
Published on: September 26, 2016
Optimizing granules size distribution for aerobic granular sludge stability: Effect of a novel funnel-shaped
Jia-Heng Zhou1, Zhi-Ming Zhang2, Hang Zhao2
1Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
Abstract:
A novel funnel-shaped internals was proposed to enhance the stability and pollutant removal performance of an aerobic granular process by optimizing granule size distribution. Results showed up to 68.3±1.4% of granules in novel reactor (R1) were situated in optimal size range (700-1900μm) compared to less than 29.7±1.1% in conventional reactor (R2), and overgrowth of large granules was effectively suppressed without requiring additional energy. Consequently, higher total nitrogen (TN) removal (81.6±2.1%) achieved in R1 than in R2 (48.1±2.7%). Hydraulic analysis revealed the existence of selectively assigning hydraulic pressure in R1. The total shear rate (τtotal) on large granules was 3.07±0.14 times higher than that of R2, while τtotal of small granules in R1 was 70.7±4.6% in R2. Furthermore, large granules in R1 with intact extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) outer layer structure entrapped hydroxyapatite at center, which formed a core structure and further enhanced the stability of aerobic granules.
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