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Related Concept Videos

Schizophrenia01:17

Schizophrenia

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Schizophrenia, a term introduced by Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler in 1911, describes a severe psychological disorder marked by profound disruptions in attention, thought processes, language, emotion, and interpersonal relationships. The core feature of schizophrenia is psychosis — a state characterized by a fundamental detachment from reality. This disconnection manifests through distorted logic, impaired perception, and atypical behavior, severely affecting the lives of those...
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Personality Disorders: Paranoid and Schizoid01:22

Personality Disorders: Paranoid and Schizoid

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Personality disorders represent enduring cognition, affect, and behavior patterns that significantly deviate from societal norms. These maladaptive traits often lead to difficulties in various domains, including interpersonal relationships, occupational settings, and overall psychological well-being. Paranoid personality disorder and schizoid personality disorder are two distinct conditions marked by odd or eccentric behavior.
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Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

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Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...
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Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:30

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Schizophrenia is a complex mental health disorder that can manifest with various positive symptoms, including thought, movement, and behavior disorders. These symptoms significantly disrupt cognitive and motor functions, leading to profound effects on an individual's ability to engage with the world.
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Self-Schemas02:16

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In general, a schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
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Schizophrenia and the estranged self.

Jordi Fernández1, Suzanne Bliss2

  • 1Philosophy Department, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.

Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice
|June 11, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Schizophrenia disrupts the sense of self by alienating mental states and actions. This occurs because individuals with schizophrenia may fail to recognize their thoughts and feelings as responsive to reasons, leading to a dissociation of selfhood.

Keywords:
alienationdelusionsschizophreniaselfself-knowledgethought insertion

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Philosophy of Mind
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Schizophrenia is a complex mental disorder.
  • A key feature of schizophrenia is the subjective experience of alienation of mental states and actions.
  • This alienation is particularly evident in delusions such as thought insertion and made feelings/actions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore how schizophrenia affects an individual's sense of self.
  • To propose a philosophical account of the experience of alienated mental states in schizophrenia.
  • To hypothesize the underlying cognitive mechanisms contributing to this alienation.

Main Methods:

  • Philosophical analysis of self-knowledge concepts.
  • Examination of psychiatric literature on schizophrenia and delusions.
  • Integration of theoretical frameworks from philosophy and psychiatry.

Main Results:

  • The experience of alienated mental states in schizophrenia is characterized by the inability to regard thoughts, feelings, impulses, and actions as responsive to reasons.
  • A hypothesis suggests this arises from a attentional bias towards internal perceptual experiences over external reality.
  • Schizophrenia dissociates two components of self: the self as a 'bearer' of mental states and the self as 'owner/agent'.

Conclusions:

  • The sense of self is composed of distinct components that become dissociated in schizophrenia.
  • Understanding the alienation of mental states offers insights into the nature of self-knowledge and agency.
  • This research bridges philosophical concepts of selfhood with clinical observations in schizophrenia.