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Related Concept Videos

Proteomics01:33

Proteomics

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A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
Proteomics is the study of proteomes' function. It involves the large-scale systematic study of the proteome to denote the protein complement expressed by a genome. Scientist Mark Wilkins coined the term...
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Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

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Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
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Mitochondrial Protein Sorting01:39

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Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles of the eukaryotes involved in cellular metabolism, signaling, ATP synthesis, and programmed cell death.  Each of these processes requires specific proteins and enzymes that must be correctly sorted to the right mitochondrial subcompartment for the proper functioning of the organelle.
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Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

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In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Experimental Protocol for Detecting Mitochondrial Function in Hepatocytes Exposed to Organochlorine Pesticides
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Experimental Protocol for Detecting Mitochondrial Function in Hepatocytes Exposed to Organochlorine Pesticides

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Systems proteomics of liver mitochondria function.

Evan G Williams1, Yibo Wu2, Pooja Jha3

  • 1Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland. These authors contributed equally to this work.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Quantitative proteomics, alongside genomics and metabolomics, reveals mitochondrial roles in liver metabolism. Genetic variants influence protein activity, impacting mitochondrial function and complex traits.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Quantitative proteomics methods like Sequential Window Acquisition of all Theoretical Mass Spectra (SWATH-MS) enable large-scale, reproducible protein measurements.
  • Integrating multi-omics data (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics) is crucial for understanding complex biological systems and traits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of mitochondria in liver metabolism by analyzing genome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome data.
  • To identify links between genetic variations and molecular phenotypes within a complex trait context.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the BXD mouse reference population (386 individuals) for transomic data generation.
  • Employed advanced quantitative proteomics (SWATH-MS), genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics analyses.
  • Validated genetic variant associations with transcript, protein, metabolite, and phenotypic changes.

Main Results:

  • Established multiple validated links between genetic variants and downstream molecular changes (transcripts, proteins, metabolites).
  • Identified specific sequence variants in Cox7a2l that affect protein activity and mitochondrial supercomplex formation.
  • Demonstrated comprehensive proteome quantification as a vital component of multi-omics studies.

Conclusions:

  • The proteome is a critical, quantifiable layer complementing genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics for complex trait analysis.
  • Mitochondrial function and supercomplex formation are significantly influenced by genetic variations, impacting liver metabolism.
  • Multi-omics integration provides a powerful framework for dissecting the molecular basis of complex phenotypes.