Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy associated with chronic graft-versus-host disease: A case report

The present study describes the clinical manifestations, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features and treatments of a 22-year-old male patient diagnosed with reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS) associated with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) 7 months after a haploid hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The patient was admitted to hospital after falling unconscious. Head MRI demonstrated abnormal signals in the bilateral, frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital lobes, consistent with reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS). Based on a detailed diagnosis, the response to treatment and follow-up, it was concluded that RPLS was closely associated with chronic graft-versus-host disease in the patient. The present case report is described in order to increase the awareness of RPLS.