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Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR: Complex Splitting01:13

¹H NMR: Complex Splitting

2.1K
A proton M that is coupled to a proton X results in doublet signals for M. However, NMR-active nuclei can be simultaneously coupled to more than one nonequivalent nucleus. When M is coupled to a second proton A, such as in styrene oxide, each peak in the doublet is split into another doublet.
Splitting diagrams or splitting tree diagrams are routinely used to depict such complex couplings. While drawing splitting diagrams, the splitting with the larger coupling constant is usually applied...
2.1K
Interpreting ¹H NMR Signal Splitting: The (n + 1) Rule01:10

Interpreting ¹H NMR Signal Splitting: The (n + 1) Rule

3.0K
In the AX proton spin system, proton A can sense the two spin states of a coupled proton X, resulting in a doublet NMR signal with two peaks of equal (1:1) intensity. When proton A is coupled to two equivalent protons (AX2 spin system), the spin states of each X can be aligned with or against the external field, creating three possible scenarios. This results in a 1:2:1  triplet signal, where the central peak corresponds to the chemical shift of A and is twice as large or intense as the...
3.0K
¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

2.0K
The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
2.0K
¹H NMR Signal Multiplicity: Splitting Patterns01:13

¹H NMR Signal Multiplicity: Splitting Patterns

8.0K
When protons A and X are coupled, their nuclear spin energy levels are slightly modified. This is because the energy required to excite proton A to a spin state parallel to proton X is slightly different from the energy required for it to become anti-parallel to spin X. Consequently, there are two possible excitation frequencies for A (A1 and A2), depending on the spin state of X, and vice versa. The mutual nature of coupling implies that the difference between frequencies A1 and A2, indicated...
8.0K
The Pauli Exclusion Principle03:06

The Pauli Exclusion Principle

60.7K
The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom is called its electron configuration. We describe an electron configuration with a symbol that contains three pieces of information:
60.7K
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

1.6K
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
1.6K

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Rashba Splitting of Cooper Pairs.

R I Shekhter1, O Entin-Wohlman2,3, M Jonson1,4

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden.

Physical Review Letters
|June 11, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel superconducting weak link acts as a spin splitter, controlling Cooper pair tunneling via electric fields. This spin-orbit coupling effect influences Josephson current, offering new avenues in spintronics.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Mechanics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Superconducting weak links are crucial for quantum devices.
  • Spin-orbit coupling (SOC) influences electron behavior in materials.
  • Understanding Cooper pair transport in engineered systems is key for quantum technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically investigate the properties of a weak link with strong Rashba spin-orbit coupling.
  • To explore the role of electric fields and mechanical strain on Cooper pair tunneling.
  • To analyze the impact of spin-dependent transport channels on Josephson current.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical investigation of a nonsuperconducting nanowire weak link.
  • Analysis within the Coulomb-blockade regime of single-electron tunneling.
  • Modeling of Cooper pair transport through spin-split channels.

Main Results:

  • The weak link functions as a "spin splitter" for tunneling Cooper pairs, dependent on electric field direction.
  • Josephson current exhibits sensitivity to interference between spin-preserved and spin-flipped transmission channels.
  • Current shows periodic dependence on spin-orbit interaction strength and nanowire bending angle or strain.

Conclusions:

  • Engineered spin-orbit coupling in weak links can control and modulate Josephson currents.
  • The observed spin-splitting and interference effects are unique to superconducting systems, unlike normal metal junctions.
  • This work provides a theoretical basis for novel spintronic devices utilizing superconducting nanowires.