Identifying factors contributing to slow growth in pigs

Area of Science:

• Animal Science
• Veterinary Medicine
• Agricultural Research

Background:

• Slow growth in pigs presents challenges for animal welfare and economic profitability.
• Understanding the physiological factors contributing to slow growth is crucial for improving swine production.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the factors associated with slow growth in pigs.
• To compare physiological parameters between slow, average, and fast-growing pigs.

Main Methods:

• Monitored 440 pigs from birth to market, categorizing them by market weight.
• Collected blood samples at 9 and 21 weeks of age for hormone and free amino acid (AA) analysis.
• Utilized SAS statistical procedures for data analysis, including Mixed and Logistic models.

Main Results:

• Slow growers were lighter at birth, weaning, and nursery exit, with less backfat and smaller loin muscle area at market.
• Lower plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin, and leptin were observed in slow growers.
• Slow-growing pigs exhibited lower serum concentrations of essential and nonessential free amino acids (AA).
• Gilts were significantly more likely to be slow growers compared to barrows.

Conclusions:

• Low concentrations of IGF-1, insulin, leptin, and free amino acids may be contributing factors or associated with slow growth in pigs.
• Growth rate in pigs is influenced by hormonal profiles and amino acid availability.
• Identifying slow growers early can aid in management strategies to improve swine production outcomes.