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Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction Model for Investigating Kidney Interstitial Fibrosis
Published on: April 25, 2025
A prospective multicenter European study on flexible ureterorenoscopy for the management of renal stone
Francesco Berardinelli1, Silvia Proietti2, Luca Cindolo1
1Dipartimento di Urologia, "S. Pio da Pietrelcina" Hospital, Vasto (CH), Italia.
Purpose:
The aim of this study was to describe the outcomes and the complications of retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) for renal stones in a multi-institutional working group.
Materials And Methods:
From 2012 to 2014, we conducted a prospective study including all RIRS performed for kidney stones in 4 European centers. Demographic information, disease characteristics, and perioperative and postoperative data were gathered. Patients and stone data, procedure characteristics, results and safety outcomes were analyzed and compared by descriptive statistics. Complications were reported using the standardized Clavien system.
Results:
Three hundred and fifty-six patients underwent 377 RIRS with holmium laser lithotripsy for renal stones. The RIRS was completed in all patients with a mean operative time of 63.5 min. The stone-free status was confirmed endoscopically and through fluoroscopic imaging after the first procedure in 73.6%. The second procedure was performed in twenty patients (5.6%) achieving an overall stone free rate of 78.9%. The overall complication rate was 15.1%. Intra-operative and post-operative complications were seen in 24 (6.7%) and 30 (8.4%) cases, respectively.
Conclusions:
RIRS is a minimally invasive procedure with good results in terms of stone-free and complications rate.
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