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The microbiota in pediatric rheumatic disease: epiphenomenon or therapeutic target?

Matthew L Stoll1, Randy Q Cron

  • 1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

Current Opinion in Rheumatology
|June 11, 2016
PubMed

Insights

The gut microbiota in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is altered, with specific bacteria like Bacteroides increasing and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii decreasing. Research is exploring if targeting the microbiota can treat pediatric inflammatory diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Pediatric rheumatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The human microbiota develops over time, influenced by early life factors.
  • Microbiota composition impacts autoimmune disease risk.
  • Alterations in the gut microbiota are observed in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the factors influencing microbiota development.
  • To discuss the role of the microbiota in JIA.
  • To explore potential microbiota-based therapeutic interventions for pediatric inflammatory diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on pediatric microbiota and inflammatory diseases.
  • Analysis of studies identifying specific bacterial changes in JIA patients.
  • Examination of existing and potential therapeutic strategies targeting the microbiota.

Main Results:

  • Microbiota composition in JIA patients shows an elevated Bacteroides genus and a decreased Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in pediatric spondyloarthritis.
  • Early-life exposures significantly shape the microbiota and may influence long-term autoimmune disease risk.
  • Current data on microbiota-based therapies for arthritis in children is limited and primarily derived from adult studies.

Conclusions:

  • Childhood microbiota perturbations may increase the risk of pediatric rheumatic illnesses.
  • Targeting the microbiota represents a promising area for future research in pediatric inflammatory diseases.
  • Further investigation is needed to establish the efficacy of microbiota-based therapies in pediatric populations.
Abstract

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