Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Protein Digestion

Protein Digestion

Protein digestion begins in the stomach, where the highly acidic environment can easily disrupt protein structure by exposing the peptide bonds of polypeptide chains. After polypeptide chains are broken into individual amino acids by a series of digestive enzymes, the amino acids are transported to the liver via the bloodstream to produce energy.

Intestinal Phase of Digestion

Intestinal Phase of Digestion

The intestinal phase of digestion is the third and final stage of the digestive process, occurring after the cephalic and gastric phases. It begins when chyme, a partially digested mixture of food and digestive enzymes, enters the small intestine from the stomach. This phase is crucial for nutrient absorption and involves complex hormonal and enzymatic interactions.
The arrival of the chyme in the small intestine distends the duodenum, which triggers the enterogastric reflex. This distension...

Protein Absorption

Protein Absorption

Proteins in the gastrointestinal tract typically come from food, but they can also originate from disintegrated cells or secreted enzymes. In the stomach, the enzyme pepsin breaks down these proteins into polypeptides. The fragments then move into the duodenum as a semi-fluid mass called chyme. Pancreatic proteases, such as trypsin and chymotrypsin, and intestinal brush border enzymes like carboxypeptidases further dismantle the polypeptides into tripeptides, dipeptides, and free amino acids.

Physiology of the Gastrointestinal System II: Digestion and Absorption

Physiology of the Gastrointestinal System II: Digestion and Absorption

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract, extending from the mouth to the anus, plays a pivotal role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients. This process involves both mechanical and chemical actions facilitated by various enzymes.
Digestion begins in the mouth, where food undergoes mechanical breakdown by chewing and combines with saliva. Salivary amylase, an enzyme in saliva, starts the breakdown of starches into maltose. The food then travels down the esophagus to the stomach.
In the stomach, a...

Hormonal Regulation

Hormonal Regulation

Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.

Cephalic Phase of Digestion

Cephalic Phase of Digestion

The process of digestion is composed of three stages – cephalic, gastric, and intestinal – each with a distinct control center. The cephalic phase is the first stage, and it starts even before the food enters the stomach. It is controlled by the central nervous system and is initiated by any food-related sensory stimuli, such as the sight and smell of food, which send signals to the brain. While eating, the taste receptors intensify these signals, which travel to the cerebral cortex...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Anti-immunoglobulin M activates nuclear calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in human B lymphocytes.

The Journal of experimental medicine·1995

Same author

Elucidation of the protein kinase C-dependent apoptosis pathway in distinct subsets of T lymphocytes in MRL-lpr/lpr mice.

European journal of immunology·1995

Same author

Purification and characterization of a novel protein activator of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I.

Biochemical and biophysical research communications·1995

Same author

Effect of KN-62, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibitor, on adriamycin resistance of human ovarian cancer cells.

Biochemical and biophysical research communications·1995

Same author

The regulatory region of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I contains closely associated autoinhibitory and calmodulin-binding domains.

The Journal of biological chemistry·1995

Same author

Prophylaxis of genetically determined diabetes by diazoxide: a study in a rat model of naturally occurring obese diabetes.

The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics·1995

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Phosphopeptide Analysis of Rodent Epididymal Spermatozoa

Phosphopeptide Analysis of Rodent Epididymal Spermatozoa

Published on: December 30, 2014

Phosphopeptides in Rat Intestinal Digests after Ingesting Casein Phosphopeptides

M Hirayama¹, K Toyota¹, H Hidaka¹

¹a Bio Science Laboratories, Meiji Seika Kaisha, Ltd. , 5-3-1 Chiyoda, Sakado-shi , Saitama 350-02 , Japan.

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

|June 11, 2016

Summary

No abstract available in PubMed .

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Developing a Rat Model for Pouchitis Research and Treatment

Author Spotlight: Developing a Rat Model for Pouchitis Research and Treatment

Published on: May 31, 2024

Phosphopeptide Enrichment Coupled with Label-free Quantitative Mass Spectrometry to Investigate the Phosphoproteome in Prostate Cancer

Phosphopeptide Enrichment Coupled with Label-free Quantitative Mass Spectrometry to Investigate the Phosphoproteome in Prostate Cancer

Published on: August 2, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Phosphopeptide Analysis of Rodent Epididymal Spermatozoa

Phosphopeptide Analysis of Rodent Epididymal Spermatozoa

Published on: December 30, 2014

Author Spotlight: Developing a Rat Model for Pouchitis Research and Treatment

Author Spotlight: Developing a Rat Model for Pouchitis Research and Treatment

Published on: May 31, 2024

Phosphopeptide Enrichment Coupled with Label-free Quantitative Mass Spectrometry to Investigate the Phosphoproteome in Prostate Cancer

Phosphopeptide Enrichment Coupled with Label-free Quantitative Mass Spectrometry to Investigate the Phosphoproteome in Prostate Cancer

Published on: August 2, 2018