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Repolarization Patterns in Congenital Heart Disease

Wael N Lotfy1, Nashwa M Samra2, Mohamed E Al Ghwass3

  • 1Pediatrics Department, Cardiology Department, Cairo University, Giza City, Egypt.

Pediatric Cardiology
|June 12, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric patients with congenital heart disease show altered repolarization patterns. Prolonged QT intervals and early repolarization were observed, indicating increased risk of ventricular arrhythmia.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pediatrics
  • Electrophysiology

Background:

  • Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) can affect myocardial repolarization.
  • Prolonged QT interval (QTc) is a marker for ventricular arrhythmia risk.
  • Understanding repolarization patterns in pediatric CHDs is crucial for risk stratification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate repolarization patterns, specifically QT interval and early repolarization, in pediatric patients with cyanotic and acyanotic congenital heart diseases.
  • To identify associations between repolarization abnormalities and clinical parameters in these patients.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional case-control study involving 100 pediatric patients with CHDs (50 cyanotic, 50 acyanotic) and 50 healthy controls.
  • Measurements included oxygen saturation, echocardiography, and 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) to determine corrected QT (QTc) interval.
  • Statistical analysis was performed to compare groups and identify significant associations.

Main Results:

  • Mean QTc was significantly higher in acyanotic CHDs with volume overload compared to controls (0.426s vs 0.4s).
  • Increased left ventricular end-diastolic dimension was significantly associated with QTc prolongation (p=0.01).
  • Early repolarization was more prevalent in patients with CHDs (18% acyanotic, 48% cyanotic) than controls (6%).
  • Decreased oxygen saturation was significantly associated with early repolarization (p=0.01).

Conclusions:

  • Acyanotic congenital heart diseases with volume overload and increased left ventricular end-diastolic dimension are associated with prolonged QTc.
  • Decreased oxygen saturation is linked to early repolarization in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease.
  • These findings highlight the importance of monitoring repolarization in pediatric CHD patients for arrhythmia risk assessment.

Keywords:
Congenital heart diseasesEarly repolarizationQT interval

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