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Related Concept Videos

Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry01:12

Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry

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Higher molecular weight biomolecules are nonvolatile compounds that may decompose before ionizing or vaporizing during mass analysis with conventional electron impact ionization methods. Accordingly, electrospray ionization (ESI) is the favored method for vaporizing and ionizing biomolecules as it circumvents rapid fragmentation and enables the recording of mass signals for the entire biomolecule.
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Capillary electrophoretic separations offer various modes, each with unique applications. These modes include capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary gel electrophoresis, capillary array electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing, capillary isotachophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, and capillary electrochromatography.
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Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
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MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry01:19

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Mass spectrometry is a powerful characterization technique that can identify and separate a wide variety of compounds ranging from chemical to biological entities, based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The instruments that allow this detection, known as mass spectrometers, have three components: an ion source, a mass analyzer, and a detector. These spectrometers differ based on the nature of their ion source and analyzers.Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) is a commonly...
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The molecular ion peak of a molecule in the mass spectrum provides vital information for molecular identification. However, conventional electron impact ionization can lead to the rapid dissociation of some molecular ions before they reach the detector. A milder ionization method is required to increase the lifetime of such ionized analyte molecules. Chemical ionization (CI) is a gas-phase protonation reaction useful for mass-analyzing analyte molecules that are easily protonated to yield the...
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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the most widely used plasma source in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), also known as Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The ICP source, or torch, consists of three concentric quartz tubes with argon gas flowing through them. A spark from a Tesla coil initiates the ionization of argon, generating a high-temperature plasma.
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Sample Preparation for Probe Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
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Pharmaceutical Applications of Electrospraying.

Duong Nhat Nguyen1, Christian Clasen2, Guy Van den Mooter1

  • 1Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven B-300, Belgium.

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
|June 12, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Electrospraying is a versatile technique for creating micro/nanoparticles for drug delivery. Further understanding is needed to overcome challenges like low throughput and optimize formulation for pharmaceutical applications.

Keywords:
amorphouscontrolled releasedelivery systemsdrug delivery systemsformulationmicrospheresnanoparticlesphysicochemical propertiespolymeric drugprocessing

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Electrospraying (electrohydrodynamic atomization) is widely used in biomedical and pharmaceutical fields.
  • It offers precise control over particle size, shape, and microstructure for applications like drug delivery and bioavailability enhancement.
  • Current limitations include low throughput and complex interactions between processing and formulation parameters.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive understanding of electrospraying fundamentals.
  • To address challenges hindering widespread application in particulate formulation production.
  • To facilitate the development of tailored micro/nanoparticulate systems for pharmaceutical use.

Main Methods:

  • Review of electrospraying principles and applications.
  • Analysis of factors influencing particle formation and properties.
  • Discussion of challenges and future research directions.

Main Results:

  • Electrospraying enables the production of micro/nanoparticles with tunable characteristics.
  • Key applications include improving drug solubility, creating targeted delivery systems, and formulating sensitive biologics.
  • Understanding the interplay of processing and formulation is crucial for optimization.

Conclusions:

  • Electrospraying is a powerful technique with significant potential in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.
  • Addressing limitations in throughput and process control is essential for broader adoption.
  • Further research into fundamental aspects will enhance the successful production of desired particulate formulations.