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Using token reinforcement to increase walking for adults with intellectual disabilities.

Haley Krentz¹, Raymond Miltenberger¹, Diego Valbuena¹

¹University of South Florida.

Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis

|June 12, 2016

Summary

Token reinforcement significantly increased walking distance for most adults with intellectual disabilities in a day program. This strategy used tokens earned for walking laps, exchanged for preferred items.

Keywords:

adults intellectual disability physical activity token reinforcement walking

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Area of Science:

Behavioral science
Disability studies
Rehabilitation science

Background:

Intellectual disabilities can impact physical activity levels.
Adult day-training centers provide opportunities for skill development and engagement.
Behavioral interventions are used to promote adaptive behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the efficacy of token reinforcement for increasing walking distance.
To evaluate this intervention for adults with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities.
To implement and analyze an ABAB reversal design.

Main Methods:

Employed an ABAB reversal design to measure behavioral changes.
Utilized token reinforcement, where tokens were earned for walking 50-m laps.
Conducted preference assessments to identify individualized back-up reinforcers.

Main Results:

Four out of five participants showed a substantial increase in laps walked compared to baseline.
Token reinforcement proved effective in enhancing physical activity for the majority of participants.
The intervention demonstrated a clear positive effect on the target behavior.

Conclusions:

Token reinforcement is an effective strategy for increasing walking distance in adults with intellectual disabilities.
Individualized reinforcers identified through preference assessments enhance intervention effectiveness.
This approach can be successfully implemented in adult day-training center settings.