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Enuresis Nocturna in children with asthma: prevalence and associated risk factors
Emin Ozkaya1, Seren Calıs Aydın2, Mebrure Yazıcı3
1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Bezmialem Vakif University Medical Faculty, Adnan Menderes Bulvari Vatan Caddesi, 34093, Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey. eozkaya@bezmialem.edu.tr.
Insights
Children with asthma experience higher rates of nocturnal enuresis (NE). Pollen sensitization, allergic rhinitis, and elevated eosinophil counts are identified as key risk factors for NE in this population.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Allergy
- Pediatric Pulmonology
- Urology
Background:
- Nocturnal enuresis (NE) is a common childhood disorder with multifactorial etiology.
- Emerging evidence suggests a link between NE and allergic diseases.
- Understanding this association is crucial for effective management in asthmatic children.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the prevalence of NE in children diagnosed with asthma.
- To identify potential risk factors contributing to NE specifically within this asthmatic cohort.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional case-control study involving 506 asthmatic children and 380 age-matched controls.
- Allergy panel assessment including skin prick tests, total IgE, and blood eosinophil counts.
- Logistic regression analysis to determine independent risk factors for NE in asthmatic children.
Main Results:
- The prevalence of NE was significantly higher in children with asthma (26%) compared to controls (11.5%).
- Asthmatic children with NE showed higher frequencies of emergency visits and a family history of enuresis.
- Independent risk factors for NE in asthmatic children included pollen sensitization (OR=1.94), allergic rhinitis (OR=2.36), and high eosinophil count (OR=1.40).
Conclusions:
- Children with asthma exhibit a greater prevalence of nocturnal enuresis compared to their non-asthmatic peers.
- Key factors associated with NE in asthmatic children are pollen sensitization, allergic rhinitis, and elevated blood eosinophil counts.
- These findings highlight the importance of managing allergic conditions in asthmatic children to potentially mitigate nocturnal enuresis.
Background:
Enuresis Nocturna (EN) is a common disorders in childhood. Although many different underlying pathophysiological mechanisms have been proposed to explain EN, its etiology is multifactorial. Some reports demonstrate that there is an association between EN and allergic diseases. To study (1) the prevalence of EN in children with asthma, (2) to determine the possible risk factors for EN in asthmatic children.
Methods:
Five hundreds and six children aged 6-14 years-old diagnosed with asthma and 380 age-matched non-asthmatic controls were enrolled into this cross-sectional case-control study. We studied an allergy panel that included skin prick tests with (8 inhalant allergens), total IgE, and blood eosinophil count for both groups. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the parents of children presenting EN. Factors associated with EN in children with asthma were analyzed using a logistic regression model.
Results:
The prevalence of EN was significantly higher in children with asthma as compared to the controls: 132 (26 %), 43 (11.5 %) respectively (p = 0.001). Emergency visits frequency, and family history of enuresis were higher in the asthmatic children with EN than in asthmatic children without EN. According to the logistic regression analysis, positive pollen sensitization (p = 0.027, OR = 1.94), allergic rhinitis (p = 0.032, OR = 2.36), and high eosinophil count (p = 0.004, OR = 1.40) were independent risk factors for EN in children with asthma.
Conclusion:
This study showed that the prevalence of EN in children with asthma was higher than in same age controls. Sensitization to pollens, allergic rhinitis and high blood eosinophil count associate to the EN in children with asthma.
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