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Recovering two languages with the right hemisphere.

Andrea Marini1, Valentina Galetto2, Karina Tatu3

  • 1Dipartimento di Lingue e Letterature, Comunicazione, Formazione e Società, University of Udine, Udine, Italy; Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, San Vito al Tagliamento, Pordenone, Italy; Claudiana - Landesfachhochschule für Gesundheitsberufe, Bolzano, Italy.

Brain and Language
|June 13, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This study shows the right hemisphere (RH) can recover language after severe left hemisphere (LH) brain damage. A bilingual patient regained Romanian and Italian using only their RH, highlighting RH

Keywords:
Aphasia recoveryBilingualismRight hemisphereTraumatic brain injuryVentricular dilation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurolinguistics
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • The left hemisphere (LH) is traditionally dominant for language processing.
  • Emerging evidence suggests the right hemisphere (RH) contributes to language recovery post-brain injury.
  • Aphasia following left hemisphere lesions often impairs language function.

Observation:

  • A bilingual individual (A.C.) with severe traumatic brain injury experienced fluent aphasia affecting both Romanian and Italian.
  • The injury caused significant atrophy and ventricular dilation, predominantly impacting the left hemisphere.
  • A.C. demonstrated language recovery utilizing primarily his right hemisphere.

Findings:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) revealed right middle temporal gyrus activation during a bilingual verb generation task.
  • This activation suggests the RH's role in lexical selection and access for language recovery.
  • The findings support the hypothesis of RH involvement in language rehabilitation after extensive LH damage.

Implications:

  • This case study provides compelling evidence for the RH's capacity to support language functions after severe LH lesions.
  • It underscores the potential for RH-based therapies in aphasia rehabilitation.
  • Further research into RH language networks can inform novel treatment strategies for brain injury recovery.