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Related Concept Videos

Protein Families02:47

Protein Families

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Protein families are groups of homologous proteins; that is, they have similarities in amino acid sequences and three-dimensional structures. Protein families usually occur because of gene duplication, where an additional copy of a gene is inserted into the genome of an organism.   Mutations that change the amino acids but still allow the protein to be properly synthesized, will lead to new protein family members.   If these new proteins contain similar amino acids in key...
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RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
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In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Drug discovery is a multifaceted process involving extensive screening, testing, and optimization of lead compounds to identify potential new drugs for therapeutic use. It combines several approaches, including screening large numbers of natural products, chemical modification of known active molecules, identification of new drug targets, and rational design based on biological mechanisms and drug-receptor structure. These approaches are carried out in both academic research laboratories and...
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Related Experiment Video

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Novel Sequence Discovery by Subtractive Genomics
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Novel Sequence Discovery by Subtractive Genomics

Published on: January 25, 2019

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Novel function discovery through sequence and structural data mining.

Briallen Lobb1, Andrew C Doxey1

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.

Current Opinion in Structural Biology
|June 13, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mining large protein datasets reveals novel functions using diverse bioinformatics approaches. These methods, including sequence and structural analysis, help discover new protein activities and specificities, even in uncharacterized proteins.

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Area of Science:

  • Proteomics
  • Bioinformatics
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Large-scale sequence and structural data offer vast potential for discovering novel proteins.
  • Effective mining strategies are crucial to unlock the functional insights hidden within this data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review protein function prediction methods.
  • To highlight recent studies applying these methods for novel functionality discovery.

Main Methods:

  • Sequence-based homology detection
  • Phylogenetic analysis
  • Structural bioinformatics
  • Genomic context-based functional association inference

Main Results:

  • Diverse approaches enable new functionality prediction irrespective of sequence similarity to known proteins.
  • Functional shifts in sequences can reveal novel activities and specificities.
  • New functions can be predicted for uncharacterized sequences and structures.

Conclusions:

  • Integrated methods and expanded protein domain knowledge amplify the discovery of novel protein functions.
  • Bioinformatics tools are essential for navigating and interpreting large-scale protein data.