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Related Concept Videos

Abdominal Regions and Quadrants01:19

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To promote clear communication, for instance, about the location of a patient's abdominal pain or a suspicious mass, anatomists and clinicians typically use imaginary lines to categorize the abdominopelvic cavity into either four quadrants or nine regions to identify organs in the cavity.
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The appendix, a small, narrow, blind tube extending from the inferior part of the cecum, is widely regarded as a vestigial organ, having lost much of its original function through evolution. Despite its diminished role, the appendix can become inflamed, a condition known as appendicitis.
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Muscles of the Abdomen01:21

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The abdominal wall encircles the abdominal cavity, providing flexible protection and shielding the internal organs from harm. It is bordered at the top by the xiphoid process and costal margins, at the back by the vertebral column, and at the bottom by the pelvic bones and inguinal ligament. The abdominal wall is divided into two regions — the anterolateral and posterior regions.
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Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

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Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
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Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum01:26

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The muscles of the pelvic floor and perineum are crucial for supporting the pelvic organs, controlling continence, and aiding in sexual function, childbirth, and core stability. They are typically divided into the superficial perineal layer and the deep pelvic floor layer.
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Assessment of the Abdomen I: Inspection and Auscultation01:25

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Introduction
The abdominal examination is a cornerstone of clinical medicine, serving as a critical tool in diagnosing various gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. It involves a systematic approach that includes inspection and auscultation, each with distinct yet complementary roles in assessing the abdomen. This article will delve into these two primary methods healthcare professionals use to examine the abdomen.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 19, 2026

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[Umbilicus in children].

L Jayyosi1, N Boudaoud2, O Okiemy2

  • 1Chirurgie plastique reconstructrice et esthétique, hôpital Maison-Blanche, CHU de Reims, 45, rue Cognacq-Jay, 51100 Reims, France.

Annales De Chirurgie Plastique Et Esthetique
|June 13, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gastroschisis and omphalocele are rare congenital abdominal wall defects. Surgical repair focuses on managing the abdominal contents and creating a functional umbilicus, with outcomes dependent on pre- and post-operative care.

Keywords:
GastroschisisHernie ombilicaleLaparoschisisOmbilicOmbilicoplastieOmphaloceleOmphalocèlePediatric plastic surgeryPlastique pédiatriqueUmbilicUmbilicalherniaUmbilicoplasty

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal surgery
  • Pediatric surgery
  • Congenital abnormalities

Background:

  • Gastroschisis and omphalocele are rare congenital anterior abdominal wall defects occurring in 1-5/10,000 births.
  • Gastroschisis involves free protrusion of fetal intestines without a membrane, often linked to maternal factors.
  • Omphalocele is a visceral hernia at the umbilical cord base, frequently associated with genetic abnormalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the surgical management of gastroschisis and omphalocele.
  • To discuss the challenges and techniques of umbilicoplasty for omphalocele closure.
  • To highlight the importance of pre-, peri-, and postoperative care for successful outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of congenital abdominal wall defects, gastroschisis, and omphalocele.
  • Discussion of surgical challenges, including abdominal content reintegration and ventilator support.
  • Analysis of primary and secondary umbilicoplasty techniques and their outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Surgical success for gastroschisis and omphalocele depends on managing the container/content conflict and postoperative care.
  • Umbilicoplasty aims to create a well-positioned, aesthetically pleasing umbilicus, presenting challenges in growing abdomens.
  • Secondary umbilicoplasty is recommended after age five to avoid growth-related morphological changes.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of gastroschisis and omphalocele requires a multidisciplinary approach, focusing on surgical technique and intensive postoperative care.
  • Umbilicoplasty techniques should be chosen rationally based on the clinical presentation and desired aesthetic outcome.
  • Long-term results of umbilicoplasty are influenced by the timing and method of reconstruction, especially in pediatric patients.