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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Cell Based Assays of SINEUP Non-coding RNAs That Can Specifically Enhance mRNA Translation
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Protein Abundance Control by Non-coding Antisense Transcription.

Florian Huber1, Daria Bunina1, Ishaan Gupta2

  • 1Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.

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Summary

Antisense stable unannotated transcripts (SUTs) do not generally impact protein levels. Their regulatory effects on protein abundance are weak, condition-specific, and linked to overlapping gene start sites.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • RNA Biology

Background:

  • Stable unannotated transcripts (SUTs) are non-coding RNAs, some overlapping protein-coding genes antisense.
  • The general regulatory impact of SUTs on overlapping protein-coding gene expression is largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the general impact of antisense SUTs on the protein abundance of overlapping genes in yeast.
  • To determine the conditions under which antisense SUTs influence gene expression.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized seamless gene manipulation in yeast to repress antisense SUTs for 162 genes.
  • Employed unidirectional transcriptional terminators and GFP tagging for repression and analysis.

Main Results:

  • Antisense SUTs alone did not significantly influence protein abundance.
  • Observed regulatory effects correlated with sense transcript start site overlap and were generally weak, reducing protein levels.
  • Antisense-regulated genes exhibited increased H3K4 di- and trimethylation and lower noise levels.

Conclusions:

  • The functionality of antisense RNAs is context-dependent, involving gene- and condition-specific mechanisms.
  • Antisense SUTs can weakly modulate protein levels, particularly when overlapping sense transcript start sites.