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Related Concept Videos

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

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In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Batteries and Fuel Cells

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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Few compounds act as strong acids. A far greater number of compounds behave as weak acids and only partially react with water, leaving a large majority of dissolved molecules in their original form and generating a relatively small amount of hydronium ions. Weak acids are commonly encountered in nature, being the substances partly responsible for the tangy taste of citrus fruits, the stinging sensation of insect bites, and the unpleasant smells associated with body odor. A familiar example of a...
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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Ionic Bonds00:42

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Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

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Stabilizing lithium metal using ionic liquids for long-lived batteries.

A Basile1,2, A I Bhatt2, A P O'Mullane1,3

  • 1School of Applied Sciences, Applied Chemistry, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476V, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia.

Nature Communications
|June 14, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Preventing lithium dendrites in lithium metal batteries is crucial. A simple ionic liquid electrolyte immersion creates a protective interphase, enabling 1,000 cycles with over 99.5% efficiency in Li|electrolyte|LiFePO4 batteries.

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Related Experiment Videos

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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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Focused Ion Beam Fabrication of LiPON-based Solid-state Lithium-ion Nanobatteries for In Situ Testing

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Battery Technology

Background:

  • Lithium metal batteries offer high energy density but suffer from dendrite formation.
  • Dendrite growth leads to short circuits and reduced battery lifespan.
  • Effective strategies are needed to stabilize lithium metal anodes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a simple and effective method for suppressing dendrite formation in lithium metal anodes.
  • To create a stable and ion-permeable solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI).
  • To demonstrate the long-term cycling stability of lithium metal batteries using the proposed pretreatment.

Main Methods:

  • Electrodes were immersed in ionic liquid electrolytes containing lithium salts prior to battery assembly.
  • The formation and properties of the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) were studied.
  • Li|electrolyte|LiFePO4 coin cells were assembled and subjected to long-term charge-discharge cycling.

Main Results:

  • A durable and lithium ion-permeable SEI was successfully formed on lithium metal anodes.
  • Batteries exhibited stable cycling for 1,000 cycles with Coulombic efficiencies exceeding 99.5%.
  • The SEI formation was dependent on immersion time and lithium salt concentration, optimizing dendrite suppression.

Conclusions:

  • A facile and industrially applicable pretreatment process using ionic liquids effectively suppresses dendrite formation.
  • The optimized SEI enables a commercially viable cycle life for lithium metal batteries.
  • This method offers a promising pathway for the practical implementation of lithium metal battery technology.