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Related Concept Videos

Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System ANS Activity in Toddlers - Resting and Developmental Challenges
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Children and Pedometers: A Study in Reactivity and Knowledge.

Steven L Prewitt1, James C Hannon1, Timothy A Brusseau1

  • 1Sport Pedagogy & Physical Activity Assessment Lab, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.

International Journal of Exercise Science
|June 14, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Pedometers are reliable physical activity tools for students. This study found no evidence of reactivity in 4th-6th graders, regardless of their prior knowledge about pedometers.

Keywords:
Elementaryphysical activity measurementprior experience

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Activity Measurement
  • Childhood Health Research

Background:

  • Pedometers are common tools for assessing physical activity.
  • Reactivity, or altered behavior due to awareness of measurement, is a concern with pedometers.
  • The influence of prior knowledge on pedometer reactivity in children is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if reactivity occurs in 4th-6th grade students using pedometers.
  • To investigate if students' prior knowledge of pedometers affects reactivity.

Main Methods:

  • 109 students (4th-6th grade) participated.
  • A questionnaire assessed prior pedometer knowledge.
  • Students wore sealed or unsealed pedometers for two weeks to measure reactivity.

Main Results:

  • No significant difference in step counts was found between sealed and unsealed pedometer conditions.
  • Including prior knowledge and experience as a covariate did not alter the results.
  • Reactivity was not observed in this group of older elementary students.

Conclusions:

  • Pedometers are reliable for measuring physical activity in older elementary students.
  • Student knowledge about pedometers did not influence reactivity.
  • Findings support the use of pedometers in research and education with this age group.