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Selective logging: does the imprint remain on tree structure and composition after 45 years?

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Summary

Selective logging impacts tropical forests for decades. A 45-year study in Uganda found logged forests still show distinct taxonomic and structural composition, with reduced carbon storage, highlighting long-term effects on tree demography.

Keywords:
Functional traitsKibale National Parkhistorical logging eventlight intensitywood density

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Area of Science:

  • Tropical ecology
  • Forestry science
  • Conservation biology

Background:

  • Selective logging is a widespread disturbance in tropical forests.
  • Understanding the long-term persistence of logging impacts is crucial for forest management and conservation, especially in African forests.
  • Previous research has not fully resolved the duration of these impacts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the lasting effects of selective logging on an East African forest 45 years after the event.
  • To compare taxonomic, functional, and structural composition, as well as the light environment, between selectively logged and unlogged forest plots.
  • To determine whether logging impacts tree demography or functional trait composition.

Main Methods:

  • Field inventory of 2358 trees (≥10 cm diameter) in 26 plots within Kibale National Park, Uganda.
  • Characterization of forest light environment, taxonomic composition, functional traits (wood density, max height, max diameter), and structure (stem density, basal area, biomass).
  • Comparison of logged versus unlogged forest plots to assess differences in measured forest attributes.

Main Results:

  • Selectively logged plots exhibited higher light levels, lower stem density, basal area, and above-ground biomass compared to unlogged plots.
  • Distinct taxonomic composition was observed in logged plots, driven by altered species abundance.
  • Functional composition (wood density, maximum height, maximum diameter) remained similar between logged and unlogged plots.

Conclusions:

  • Selective logging leaves a discernible legacy on East African forests 45 years later, evident in taxonomic and structural distinctiveness and reduced carbon storage.
  • The primary mechanism through which selective logging impacts forests is through alterations in tree demography, not functional trait composition.
  • Long-term monitoring is essential to understand the full recovery trajectory of selectively logged tropical forests.