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Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Assessing Hepatic Metabolic Changes During Progressive Colonization of Germ-free Mouse by 1H NMR Spectroscopy
Published on: December 15, 2011
Key metabolites in tissue extracts of Elliptio complanata identified using (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance
Jennifer L Hurley-Sanders1, Jay F Levine2, Stacy A C Nelson3
1Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Box 8401, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, Box 7106, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; North Carolina State University, Environmental Medicine Consortium, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
Abstract:
We used (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to describe key metabolites of the polar metabolome of the freshwater mussel, Elliptio complanata. Principal components analysis documented variability across tissue types and river of origin in mussels collected from two rivers in North Carolina (USA). Muscle, digestive gland, mantle and gill tissues yielded identifiable but overlapping metabolic profiles. Variation in digestive gland metabolic profiles between the two mussel collection sites was characterized by differences in mono- and disaccharides. Variation in mantle tissue metabolomes appeared to be associated with sex. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a sensitive means to detect metabolites in the tissues of E. complanata and holds promise as a tool for the investigation of freshwater mussel health and physiology.
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