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Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Disability Prevalence
Rashmi Goyat1, Ami Vyas2, Usha Sambamoorthi2
1West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA. ragoyat@mix.wvu.edu.
Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities
|June 14, 2016
Summary
Socio-economic factors significantly reduce racial disparities in severe disability among non-Hispanic African Americans and non-Hispanic whites. Addressing these factors is key to preventing disability across populations.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Health Disparities
- Disability Studies
Background:
- Disability is a significant global health indicator associated with high morbidity and mortality.
- Understanding racial and ethnic disparities in disability is crucial for targeted public health interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine racial/ethnic disparities in disability using the 2012 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) disability supplement.
- To analyze these disparities after controlling for comprehensive factors based on the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (WHO-ICF).
Main Methods:
- Retrospective cross-sectional study of 7993 adults from the 2012 NHIS.
- Disability assessed using standard questions on mobility, self-care, and cognition.
- Chi-squared tests and multinomial logistic regressions analyzed race/ethnicity and disability association.
Main Results:
- Statistically significant racial/ethnic differences in severe disability were observed.
- Non-Hispanic African Americans had higher odds of severe disability (OR=1.56) than non-Hispanic whites in unadjusted models.
- After adjusting for socio-economic status, no significant disability difference remained between non-Hispanic African Americans and non-Hispanic whites.
Conclusions:
- Socio-economic characteristics play a critical role in mitigating disability disparities between racial groups.
- A multifaceted approach targeting primary, secondary, and tertiary disability prevention is necessary.
- Addressing socio-economic determinants is vital for equitable health outcomes and disability reduction.
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