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[Malaria in Iceland, a rare but looming threat for travelers]

Kristjan Godsk Rognvaldsson, Sigurdur Gudmundsson, Magnus Gottfredsson

    Laeknabladid
    |June 14, 2016
    PubMed
    Abstract

    Insights

    Malaria cases in Iceland increased between 1998-2014, with Plasmodium falciparum being the most common. Travelers

    Area of Science:

    • Epidemiology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Malaria remains a significant cause of preventable mortality in developing nations, particularly affecting children.
    • A prior study documented 15 imported malaria cases in Iceland between 1980 and 1997.
    • This study aimed to update the epidemiological data for malaria in Iceland covering the period 1998–2014.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To update and analyze the epidemiological trends of malaria in Iceland from 1998 to 2014.
    • To compare the incidence rates with a previous study period (1980-1997).
    • To identify the Plasmodium species responsible for malaria cases and assess the use of chemoprophylaxis.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective review of medical records for confirmed malaria cases diagnosed via blood smear at the national referral laboratory.
    • Analysis of nationwide sales data for antimalarial medications.
    • Review of international travel patterns of Icelandic residents.

    Main Results:

    • Thirty-one malaria cases were confirmed between 1998–2014, averaging 1.8 cases per year, a significant increase from the previous study (p=0.056).
    • Plasmodium falciparum was the predominant species (71%), followed by P. vivax (16%), P. ovale (7%), and P. malariae (7%).
    • Chemoprophylaxis use was low (7%), and despite increased travel, antimalarial sales plateaued, indicating potential gaps in prevention.

    Conclusions:

    • Malaria detection rates in Iceland showed an increasing trend, contrasting with a decrease in neighboring countries.
    • The findings underscore the critical need to emphasize antimalarial chemoprophylaxis and preventive measures for Icelandic travelers to endemic regions.
    • Further strategies are needed to improve malaria prevention awareness and uptake among international travelers from Iceland.

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