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Related Concept Videos

Barriers to Effective Communication II01:21

Barriers to Effective Communication II

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The barriers to effective communication also include cultural barriers, semantic barriers, gender barriers, and time constraints.
Cultural barriers:
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Semantic barriers:
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Barriers to Effective Communication I01:30

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A communication barrier is any distortion or interruption during a conversation, resulting in miscommunication of the message. A good communicator should know these barriers and continuously check for the listener's understanding by obtaining feedback.
Communication barriers include the following:
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When we hold a stereotype about a person, we have expectations that he or she will fulfill that stereotype. A self-fulfilling prophecy is an expectation held by a person that alters his or her behavior in a way that tends to make it true. When we hold stereotypes about a person, we tend to treat the person according to our expectations. This treatment can influence the person to act according to our stereotypic expectations, thus confirming our stereotypic beliefs. Research by Rosenthal and...
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Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
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Social Facilitation01:04

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Not all intergroup interactions lead to negative outcomes. Sometimes, being in a group situation can improve performance. Social facilitation occurs when an individual performs better when an audience is watching than when the individual performs the behavior alone. This typically occurs when people are performing a task for which they are skilled.
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People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about...
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Measuring Neural and Behavioral Activity During Ongoing Computerized Social Interactions: An Examination of Event-Related Brain Potentials
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PrEP on Twitter: Information, Barriers, and Stigma.

Joseph Schwartz1, Josh Grimm2

  • 1a Department of Communication Studies , Northeastern University.

Health Communication
|June 14, 2016
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) reduces HIV risk, but adoption is slow. This study found Twitter discussions often reinforced uncertainty and stigma around PrEP, though users also countered negative narratives online.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Social Media Analysis
  • HIV Prevention

Background:

  • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) endorsed Truvada for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in 2014.
  • Despite proven efficacy in reducing HIV risk, PrEP adoption rates remain low.
  • Discourse surrounding PrEP is often characterized by stigma and uncertainty.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the nature of discussions about PrEP on Twitter.
  • To analyze barriers to PrEP adoption and the stigmatization of PrEP users.
  • To understand the role of social media in health promotion for HIV prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of a random sample of 1,093 top tweets concerning PrEP.
  • Tweets were collected from the period one year before and one year after the CDC's 2014 endorsement.
  • Focus on identifying themes related to barriers and stigma.

Main Results:

  • Twitter discussions frequently reinforced uncertainty regarding barriers to PrEP adoption.
  • Users leveraged Twitter's features to challenge and counteract stigmatizing narratives about PrEP.
  • Social media discourse revealed both limitations and potential strengths for PrEP health promotion.

Conclusions:

  • Online discussions on Twitter may inadvertently perpetuate uncertainty about PrEP.
  • Twitter can serve as a platform for users to actively combat stigma associated with PrEP.
  • Findings highlight the complex role of social media in public health initiatives for HIV prevention.