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GIS manipulation and analysis functions are vital for decision-making and planning. These activities range from data retrieval tasks, such as selecting information based on specific criteria, to advanced analytical techniques that address complex spatial problems.One critical GIS analysis method is overlaying, which combines multiple data layers to examine impacts. For example, overlaying a river-dammed lake boundary with road networks can identify affected infrastructure. Another common...
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Geographic Information System (GIS) technology is essential for risk identification, action prioritization, and resource optimization in critical situations like flooding and earthquakes. By integrating spatial and demographic data, GIS provides a comprehensive framework for emergency response.GIS integrates data layers, like rainfall intensity, topography, elevation profiles, and river levels, to model high-risk flood zones. These layers assess areas susceptible to flooding based on their...
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Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are tools for storing, analyzing, and displaying spatial data alongside related attributes. Unlike traditional information systems that address general queries, GIS incorporates spatial components, enabling users to answer "where" and "how far." For example, GIS can process housing data linked to geographic locations like zip codes, allowing insights into population density or housing distribution through thematic maps.GIS integrates technologies such as...
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In the past, planning projects such as schools or public facilities required extensive manual effort to gather and compile data. Information such as property boundaries, soil characteristics, road networks, zoning regulations, and flood zones had to be sourced individually from courthouses, utility providers, and registry offices. Assembling these datasets into a coherent format often took several months, delaying project timelines.The introduction of Geographic Information Systems (GIS)...
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Geographic Information Systems (GIS) rely on two core types of data: spatial data and attribute data.Spatial DataSpatial data defines the physical location of features within a coordinate system, typically expressed in terms of latitude and longitude. It provides precise positioning for elements like roads, rivers, or buildings.Attribute DataAttribute data complements spatial data by adding descriptive information about these features. For example, a road's spatial data includes its start and...
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Watershed Planning within a Quantitative Scenario Analysis Framework
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Applying geo-spatial analysis in community needs assessment: Implications for planning and prioritizing based on

Kamran Baig1, Mary Shaw-Ridley1, Oscar J Munoz2

  • 1Texas A&M University, Center for the Study of Health Disparities, College Station, TX 77840, USA.

Evaluation and Program Planning
|June 14, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Community needs assessments combined with spatial analysis can improve healthcare access in underserved US-Mexico border colonias. This study found distance to facilities did not predict dental or vision care needs.

Keywords:
ColoniasHealthcare servicesNeeds assessmentSpatial

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Spatial Analysis
  • Healthcare Accessibility

Background:

  • Colonias along the US-Mexico border face significant infrastructure deficits.
  • Residents experience poor health outcomes and limited access to healthcare services.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze healthcare needs in Hidalgo County, Texas colonias.
  • To assess the relationship between distance to healthcare facilities and the need for dental and vision care.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 2006-2007 community needs assessment (CNA) surveys from 410 randomly selected households in Hidalgo County.
  • Performed descriptive and spatial analyses, calculating Odds Ratios (OR) to determine statistical significance.

Main Results:

  • 333 surveys were geo-coded, identifying areas with high dental and vision care needs.
  • Distance to healthcare facilities was not a statistically significant predictor for the need of dental care (OR=0.96) or vision care (OR=1.083).

Conclusions:

  • Spatial analysis integrated with CNA effectively identifies underserved populations.
  • This approach enhances planning for improved healthcare service accessibility and utilization in border colonias.