Enzyme coated beta-cyclodextrin for effective adsorption and glucose-responsive closed-loop insulin delivery

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Nanotechnology
• Endocrinology

Background:

• Inconsistent insulin dosage in type 2 diabetes causes severe complications like blindness and fatal hypoglycemia.
• A need exists for advanced drug delivery systems (DDS) for precise insulin (INS) administration.
• Glucose-sensing capabilities are crucial for effective insulin delivery systems.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and characterize a glucose-responsive DDS for controlled insulin release.
• To evaluate the DDS's performance in sensing glucose concentrations and releasing insulin.
• To assess the potential of the DDS for intravenous insulin administration.

Main Methods:

• Synthesis of oleic acid-grafted-aminated beta cyclodextrin (OA-g-ACD) copolymer.
• Coating the DDS with glucose oxidase (GOx) and catalase (CAT).
• Characterization using FTIR, NMR, DLS, SEM, and CLSM; assessment of swelling and drug release kinetics.

Main Results:

• The DDS demonstrated glucose-dependent swelling and controlled insulin release, with 78.0% cumulative release in 240 minutes.
• Characterization confirmed the DDS structure, hydrophobicity, and drug loading capacity.
• Flow cytometry indicated efficient cellular uptake of insulin delivered by the DDS.

Conclusions:

• The developed glucose-responsive DDS shows promise for precise insulin delivery in type 2 diabetes.
• The system's ability to sense glucose and control insulin release addresses limitations of conventional therapies.
• The DDS is a potential candidate for intravenous insulin administration, improving patient outcomes.