Sacral Neuromodulation in Urological Practice

Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is a minimally invasive, restorative treatment to improve voiding and elimination functions. We give a historical perspective of SNM and explore the evidence for the use of this therapy for Food and Drug Administration-approved pathologies as well as disease processes that are being treated internationally. Ensuring optimal lead placement increases the potential of a comfortable, durable, and efficacious response. The future of SNM aims to maximize its potential benefit, refine its use, and minimize its risks and cost. Evolution of the therapy includes better device options, better software for patient and clinician use, more programming capabilities, and new nerve targets.