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Related Concept Videos

Gross Anatomy of Bone01:17

Gross Anatomy of Bone

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The two main features of a long bone are the diaphysis and the epiphysis.
The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. The walls of the diaphysis are composed of dense and hard compact bone made of numerous osteons — the functional unit of the compact bone. The hollow region in the diaphysis is called the medullary cavity, which harbors the bone marrow. In infants and children, this marrow cavity is filled with red marrow, whereas in...
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Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

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Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
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Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

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Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
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Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

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Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into ...
13.7K
Spongy Bone01:09

Spongy Bone

10.1K
All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
Spongy bone is more porous, and less dense compared to compact bone. It is composed of concentric lamellae that are arranged irregularly to form the trabecular network. In some bones, the spaces between trabeculae contain red marrow, where...
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Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

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The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
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Three-Dimensional Bone Extracellular Matrix Model for Osteosarcoma
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Osteochondroma at its rarest site.

Ankur Mittal1, Psb Srinivasulu1, R Ramprasd1

  • 1Mittal Surgical Hospital, Ambala Road, Kaithal - 136027 Harayana.

Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports
|June 15, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Extraskeletal osteochondromas are rare cartilaginous tumors. This case report details a successful surgical excision of an extraskeletal osteochondroma-like mass in the patella, with no recurrence observed.

Keywords:
clinicalexcisionextraskeletal cartilaginousosteochondromapatellapathological

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Pathology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Osteochondromas typically originate in the metaphyseal bone of the developing skeleton.
  • Extraskeletal cartilaginous tumors are exceptionally rare, presenting diagnostic challenges.

Observation:

  • A 65-year-old female presented with chronic anterior knee pain and limited flexion.
  • Imaging revealed a calcific mass within the patella.
  • Surgical excision confirmed an extra-osseous osteochondroma-like soft tissue mass.

Findings:

  • Histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of an extraskeletal osteochondroma-like soft tissue mass.
  • The patient experienced no recurrence of the mass at 36 weeks post-surgery.

Implications:

  • An integrated clinical-pathologic approach is crucial for diagnosing extraskeletal cartilaginous tumors at atypical sites like the patella.
  • Complete surgical excision is the recommended treatment, offering a favorable prognosis.