[Malformations of hand and forearm : Conspicuous postpartum]

Area of Science:

• Orthopedics
• Pediatric Orthopedics
• Hand Surgery

Background:

• Congenital hand and forearm malformations like polydactyly, thumb duplication, syndactyly, and radial aplasia are often present at birth.
• However, some malformations become apparent during a child's growth, presenting unique diagnostic and management challenges for orthopedic surgeons.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review congenital malformations of the hand and forearm that become clinically evident during growth.
• To discuss the diagnostic and differential diagnostic considerations for these conditions.
• To present current conservative and surgical treatment options.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on hand and forearm malformations manifesting during growth.
• Synthesis of information on diagnostic criteria and differential diagnoses.
• Compilation of established and emerging treatment strategies.

Main Results:

• Identified specific congenital hand and forearm malformations that present later in childhood.
• Outlined key diagnostic features and methods for differentiating these conditions.
• Summarized the range of therapeutic interventions, from non-operative management to surgical reconstruction.

Conclusions:

• Congenital hand and forearm malformations that develop during growth require specialized orthopedic attention.
• Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management, involving both conservative and surgical approaches.
• This review provides a comprehensive overview for clinicians managing these challenging pediatric conditions.