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Related Concept Videos

Membrane Fluidity01:26

Membrane Fluidity

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Membrane fluidity is explained by the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which describes the plasma membrane structure as a mosaic of components—including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character.
Mosaic nature of the membrane
The mosaic characteristic of the membrane helps the plasma membrane remain fluid. The integral proteins and lipids exist as separate but loosely-attached molecules in the membrane. The membrane is...
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Membrane Fluidity01:23

Membrane Fluidity

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Cell membranes are composed of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates loosely attached to one another through chemical interactions. Molecules are generally able to move about in the plane of the membrane, giving the membrane its flexible nature called fluidity. Two other features of the membrane contribute to membrane fluidity: the chemical structure of the phospholipids and the presence of cholesterol in the membrane.
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Fluid Mosaic Model01:19

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Scientists identified the plasma membrane in the 1890s and its principal chemical components (lipids and proteins) by 1915. The model for plasma membrane structure, proposed in 1935 by Hugh Davson and James Danielli, was the first model to be widely accepted in the scientific community. The model was based on the plasma membrane's "railroad track" appearance in early electron micrographs. Davson and Danielli theorized that the plasma membrane's structure resembled a sandwich...
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Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer01:35

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Biological membranes show uneven distribution of different types of lipids in the inner and outer layers, resulting in transverse asymmetric membranes. The treatment of the erythrocyte membrane with the enzyme phospholipase confirmed the asymmetric nature of the lipid bilayer. The enzyme hydrolyzes lipids into fatty acids and hydrophilic groups. The phospholipase acts only on the outer layer of the membrane, while the inner layer remains intact. The phospholipase treatment resulted in 80%...
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Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters01:19

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Enzymes like flippase, floppase, and scramblase transfer phospholipids from one layer to another in the membrane, thereby affecting membrane asymmetry.
Flippase
Eukaryotic flippases are type-IV P-type ATPases or P4-ATPases belonging to P-type ATPase family proteins that are membrane-bound pumps involved in the ATP-mediated transport of ions and molecules across the membrane. Flippases flip specific phospholipids from the outer to the inner leaflet of a membrane. All P4-ATPases have one...
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Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

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Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
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Assembly of Cell Mimicking Supported and Suspended Lipid Bilayer Models for the Study of Molecular Interactions
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Impact on floating membranes.

Nicolas Vandenberghe1, Laurent Duchemin1

  • 1Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, IRPHE UMR 7342, F-13384 Marseille, France.

Physical Review. E
|June 15, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Impacts on elastic membranes generate two waves: a longitudinal wave and a dispersive transverse wave. Wave dynamics resemble capillary waves, with applications in energy absorption.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Solid mechanics
  • Wave propagation

Background:

  • Thin elastic membranes on liquid pools deform upon impact.
  • Impacts generate axisymmetric waves with distinct characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the wave dynamics resulting from rigid body impact on a thin elastic membrane.
  • To investigate the self-similar dynamics and buckling instability.
  • To explore applications in impact energy absorption.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of membrane deformation and wave propagation.
  • Identification of self-similar dynamics.
  • Comparison with capillary wave phenomena.

Main Results:

  • Two axisymmetric waves (longitudinal and transverse) propagate from the impact point.
  • Transverse wave speed depends on local stretching.
  • Wave dynamics exhibit time-dependent self-similarity.
  • Buckling instability leads to radial wrinkles.
  • Surface tension coefficient is impact-speed dependent.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals complex wave phenomena in fluid-body impact.
  • Buckling instability and wave dynamics offer insights into energy absorption mechanisms.
  • Findings have potential applications in impact energy dissipation systems.