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Need for revisiting the terminology about speciation.

Gaëtane Lespes1, Tea Zuliani2, Dirk Schaumlöffel3

  • 1UMR 5254 Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/CNRS, 2 Avenue Pierre Angot, 64053, Pau Cedex 9, France. gaetane.lespes@univ-pau.fr.

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Speciation, a term used for decades, needs a broader definition. A new proposal considers elemental distribution across all scales, from atomic to macroscopic, enhancing its scientific applicability.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • The term 'speciation' has been used with varied meanings for over 30 years.
  • A reference definition proposed in the early 2000s focused narrowly on elemental distribution within molecular structures.
  • This definition excluded polyatomic entities like amorphous/crystalline structures and elemental distribution at interfaces or within solids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the limitations of the current reference definition of speciation.
  • To analyze the consequences of these limitations on elemental distribution studies.
  • To propose a more comprehensive and inclusive definition of speciation.

Main Methods:

  • Critical review of existing definitions and terminologies related to speciation.
  • Analysis of the scope and applicability of the reference definition.
  • Conceptual framework development for an expanded definition.

Main Results:

  • The existing definition inadequately addresses elemental distribution in complex systems.
  • Exclusion of polyatomic entities and interfacial/solid-phase distributions limits scientific understanding.
  • Discrepancies in terminology hinder consistent scientific communication.

Conclusions:

  • Speciation should be redefined as a comprehensive description of an element's physical and chemical characteristics.
  • This description must encompass all scales, from the atomic level to the surrounding medium.
  • The definition should include the entire continuum of size, from dissolved/gaseous phases to solid phases, including interfaces.