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Related Concept Videos

Larynx01:21

Larynx

5.9K
The human larynx, often referred to as the voice box, is an intricate organ located in the neck. It serves as a pathway for air to enter the lungs during respiration and is an essential component of voice production.
Anatomy of the Larynx
The larynx consists of various components, including cartilage, muscles, and vocal cords. Its structure includes three large unpaired cartilages—the thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis—and three smaller paired cartilages—the arytenoids,...
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Respiratory System Abnormal Finding II: Palpation and Auscultation01:31

Respiratory System Abnormal Finding II: Palpation and Auscultation

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In assessing respiratory abnormalities, palpation and auscultation are critical tools for detecting and interpreting various pathophysiological changes. These techniques provide insight into underlying disorders by evaluating tactile sensations and sounds produced by the respiratory system.
Palpation Findings
During a respiratory assessment, palpation can reveal several vital abnormalities:
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Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

4.6K
In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
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Breathing01:05

Breathing

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The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...
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Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

14.3K
Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
14.3K
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques01:30

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques

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Airway management is essential in emergency and surgical medicine, ensuring ventilation and oxygenation in patients who cannot maintain their own airway. Clinicians use a range of techniques and devices to secure the airway, depending on the patient’s condition and the clinical context. Key methods include endotracheal intubation, rapid sequence intubation (RSI), supraglottic airway devices, and advanced visualization aids. In cases where these approaches fail, surgical airway...
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Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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Association Between Acid Reflux Medication and Supraglottoplasty in Infant Laryngomalacia.

JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery·2025
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Perioperative respiratory complications in intracapsular tonsillectomy and total tonsillectomy: Is there a difference?

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Ex Utero Intrapartum Treatment for Prenatally Diagnosed Cervicofacial Lymphatic Malformations.

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Recalcitrant Stenosis Following Pediatric LTR: Contributing Factors and Clinical Impact.

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Pediatric tracheostomy decannulation: what's the evidence?

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Laryngeal Mask Airway LMA Placement in a Neonatal Patient Simulator Using a Non-Inflatable Supraglottic Airway SGA
04:56

Laryngeal Mask Airway LMA Placement in a Neonatal Patient Simulator Using a Non-Inflatable Supraglottic Airway SGA

Published on: July 14, 2023

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Laryngomalacia.

Joshua Bedwell1, George Zalzal1

  • 1Division of Otolaryngology, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC 20010.

Seminars in Pediatric Surgery
|June 16, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Laryngomalacia, a common cause of infant stridor, often resolves by age two. For severe cases, supraglottoplasty offers excellent results, though it

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Otolaryngology
  • Neonatal Respiratory Disorders

Background:

  • Laryngomalacia is the most frequent cause of stridor in newborns.
  • Symptoms include inspiratory stridor and feeding difficulties, with severe cases showing apnea and failure to thrive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the management and outcomes of laryngomalacia.
  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of supraglottoplasty for severe cases.

Main Methods:

  • Conservative management is the primary approach for most infants.
  • Surgical intervention, specifically supraglottoplasty, is considered for approximately 10% of patients with persistent or severe symptoms.

Main Results:

  • Most cases of laryngomalacia resolve spontaneously between 12 and 24 months of age.
Keywords:
Laryngomalaciaairway surgerystridorsupraglottoplasty

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  • Supraglottoplasty demonstrates excellent outcomes with a low incidence of severe complications like stenosis or aspiration.
  • The effectiveness of supraglottoplasty may be reduced in neonates with significant comorbidities, such as neurological conditions.

    • Conclusions:

    • Laryngomalacia management is typically conservative, with most infants improving by age two.
    • Supraglottoplasty is a safe and effective surgical option for severe laryngomalacia, though comorbidities can impact results.