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Glossoptosis.

Cláudia Schweiger1, Denise Manica1, Gabriel Kuhl2

  • 1Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Department, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, CEP 90035-903, Porto Alegre, Brazil.

Seminars in Pediatric Surgery
|June 16, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Glossoptosis, a tongue-based airway obstruction, presents challenges in infants, often linked to Robin Sequence or hypotonia. This review covers its presentation, diagnosis, and management, highlighting the lack of consensus on severity classification and treatment.

Keywords:
Airway obstructionCleft palateLaryngoscopyMandiblePierre Robin SequenceRetrognathia

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Medicine
  • Otolaryngology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Glossoptosis, the downward and backward position of the tongue, leads to airway obstruction and feeding issues.
  • It is frequently associated with micrognathia in Robin Sequence and can also be present in hypotonic infants.
  • Current classification systems for Robin Sequence lack consensus, complicating severity assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of glossoptosis.
  • To discuss clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, and management strategies.
  • To address the lack of consensus in classification and treatment recommendations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical presentations, diagnostic methods, and treatment options for glossoptosis.
  • Analysis of existing classification systems for Robin Sequence.
  • Synthesis of management recommendations and their reported efficacy.

Main Results:

  • Glossoptosis causes significant airway obstruction and feeding difficulties in affected children.
  • There is no universally accepted method for classifying glossoptosis severity, even in Robin Sequence.
  • Evidence-based agreement on indications, efficacy, and risks of various management options is lacking.

Conclusions:

  • Glossoptosis requires careful clinical evaluation and diagnosis.
  • Standardized classification and evidence-based management guidelines are needed.
  • Further research is essential to improve patient outcomes for glossoptosis.