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One-Step Approach to Fabricating Polydimethylsiloxane Microfluidic Channels of Different Geometric Sections by Sequential Wet Etching Processes
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Capillary driven flow of polydimethylsiloxane in open rectangular microchannels.

Timothy W Sowers1, Rohit Sarkar2, Suhas Eswarappa Prameela2

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ - 85287, USA. jrajago1@asu.edu.

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Summary

Capillary flow of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) in microchannels is accurately modeled by analytical predictions only for low aspect ratios. High aspect ratios require considering meniscus morphology for accurate modeling of PDMS flow.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Microfluidics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is a widely used material in microfluidics.
  • Accurate modeling of fluid flow in microchannels is crucial for device design and performance.
  • Capillary-driven flow is a fundamental phenomenon in microfluidic systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the capillary flow of PDMS in silicon microchannels.
  • To compare experimental flow rates with analytical models.
  • To understand the influence of microchannel geometry and surface coatings on PDMS flow.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of silicon microchannels with varying dimensions using photolithography and etching.
  • Coating microchannels with poly-tetra-fluoro-ethylene (PTFE) to alter surface properties.
  • Experimental measurement of PDMS flow rates in coated and uncoated channels.
  • Comparison of experimental data with the Lucas-Washburn analytical model.

Main Results:

  • Experimental PDMS flow rates closely matched model predictions for channel aspect ratios (p) < 2.
  • For p > 2, experimental flow rates progressively deviated from model predictions.
  • Zero flow rates were observed in some high aspect ratio PTFE-coated channels.
  • Deviations were attributed to changes in meniscus morphology at higher aspect ratios.

Conclusions:

  • Meniscus morphology significantly impacts capillary flow in microchannels.
  • Existing analytical models may not accurately predict flow in high aspect ratio microchannels.
  • Accurate modeling of microfluidic systems necessitates consideration of meniscus behavior, especially in non-ideal geometries.