Advances in implantable bionic devices for blindness: a review
Philip M Lewis1,2,3,4, Lauren N Ayton5,6,7, Robyn H Guymer5,6,7
1Department of Neurosurgery, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
ANZ Journal of Surgery
|June 16, 2016
Summary
Electrical stimulation is restoring vision for the blind through visual prostheses. Retinal implants are approved for use, while cortical implants are nearing clinical trials, offering hope for advanced vision restoration.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Neuroscience
- Ophthalmology
Background:
- Vision restoration research using electrical stimulation began in the 1950s.
- Significant progress has been made in translating visual prosthetics from experimental to clinical settings.
- Two retinal visual prostheses have received regulatory approval for clinical use.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the principles of electrical stimulation for visual prostheses.
- To discuss the progress and outcomes of retinal and cortical visual prostheses.
- To explore novel developments and future outlooks in vision restoration technology.
Main Methods:
- Focus on electrical stimulation of the retina and visual cortex.
- Review of surgical and functional outcomes of retinal and cortical prostheses.
- Discussion of regulatory approvals and upcoming clinical trials.
Main Results:
- Two retinal visual prostheses have achieved regulatory approval.
- Cortical visual prostheses are advancing towards clinical trials.
- Various international groups are reporting progress in visual prosthetic development.
Conclusions:
- Electrical stimulation via visual prostheses shows promise for restoring functional vision.
- Retinal prostheses are closer to widespread clinical application than cortical prostheses.
- Continued research and development are crucial for future advancements in vision restoration.
