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Rotavirus Strain Trends During the Postlicensure Vaccine Era: United States, 2008-2013
Michael D Bowen1, Slavica Mijatovic-Rustempasic1, Mathew D Esona1
1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Insights
Group A rotavirus (RVA) genotypes shifted from G3P[8] to G12P[8] dominance in the US between 2012-2013. Ongoing surveillance is crucial for monitoring RVA changes post-vaccine licensure.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Group A rotaviruses (RVA) are a major cause of pediatric gastroenteritis globally.
- The New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN) monitors RVA in the US at diverse pediatric sites since 2006.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze RVA genotype prevalence in the US from 2008-2013.
- To identify trends and factors influencing RVA genotype distribution.
Main Methods:
- 1523 RVA-positive samples from NVSN sites (2008-2013) were genotyped.
- Enzyme immunoassay and genotyping techniques were employed.
Main Results:
- G3P[8] was predominant (2009-2011), followed by G12P[8] (2012-2013) with over 68% prevalence.
- Vaccine strains were detected at low levels (0.6%-3.4%).
- Uncommon genotypes were sporadically detected; year, site, and race predicted genotype.
Conclusions:
- Active surveillance is essential to track RVA genotype shifts in the US.
- Monitoring is vital for understanding changes after rotavirus vaccine introduction.
Background:
Group A rotaviruses (RVA) are a significant cause of pediatric gastroenteritis worldwide. The New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN) has conducted active surveillance for RVA at pediatric hospitals and emergency departments at 3-7 geographically diverse sites in the United States since 2006.
Methods:
Over 6 consecutive years, from 2008 to 2013, 1523 samples from NVSN sites that were tested positive by a Rotaclone enzyme immunoassay were submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for genotyping.
Results:
In the 2009, 2010, and 2011 seasons, genotype G3P[8] was the predominant genotype throughout the network, with a 46%-84% prevalence. In the 2012 season, G12P[8] replaced G3P[8] as the most common genotype, with a 70% prevalence, and this trend persisted in 2013 (68.0% prevalence). Vaccine (RotaTeq; Rotarix) strains were detected in 0.6%-3.4% of genotyped samples each season. Uncommon and unusual strains (eg, G8P[4], G3P[24], G2P[8], G3P[4], G3P[6], G24P[14], G4P[6], and G9P[4]) were detected sporadically over the study period. Year, study site, and race were found to be significant predictors of genotype.
Conclusions:
Continued active surveillance is needed to monitor RVA genotypes in the United States and to detect potential changes since vaccine licensure.
