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Extracellular matrix motion and early morphogenesis.

Rajprasad Loganathan1, Brenda J Rongish2, Christopher M Smith3

  • 1Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.

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|June 16, 2016
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Embryonic development involves more than just cell migration; the extracellular matrix (ECM) actively moves too. This dynamic ECM is essential for the complex tissue movements driving amniote morphogenesis.

Keywords:
Amniote morphogenesisEmergent patternsExtracellular matrix dynamicsTissue-scale motion

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Traditionally, amniote embryogenesis models assumed a static extracellular matrix (ECM).
  • Cellular motion during morphogenesis was primarily viewed as migration against this fixed scaffold.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on the dynamic nature of the ECM during embryonic development.
  • To highlight the role of ECM movement in amniote morphogenesis and organogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Time-lapse imaging to visualize tissue and ECM displacement.
  • Computational image analysis to differentiate cell-autonomous and convection-driven movements.
  • Quantification of cellular and ECM motion during embryogenesis.

Main Results:

  • The extracellular matrix (ECM) is not static but actively moves during morphogenesis.
  • Convective tissue displacement, visualized by ECM markers, significantly contributes to organogenesis.
  • Distinction between active cell movement and passive movement due to large-scale tissue dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • A dynamic extracellular matrix (ECM) is a fundamental requirement for morphogenesis.
  • Emergent motion patterns driving amniote development arise from the interplay of cellular and ECM dynamics.
  • Revises the classical understanding of embryonic development by incorporating ECM movement.