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Related Concept Videos

Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Stem Cell Niche01:26

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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Aging01:26

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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Assessment of the Immunomodulatory Properties of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells MSCs
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Microenvironmental Views on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation in Aging.

B D Sui1,2, C H Hu1,2, C X Zheng1,2

  • 11 State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.

Journal of Dental Research
|June 16, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Aging impairs mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) via microenvironmental changes, shifting their differentiation and causing tissue degeneration. Strategies to modulate these factors may rescue MSC function in aging.

Keywords:
age factorsmesenchymal stromal cellsmicroenvironmentosteogenesisrejuvenationstem cell niche

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and Regenerative Medicine
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Molecular and Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Aging involves hormonal, immunologic, and metabolic disorders that compromise mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).
  • These stem cell dysfunctions contribute to age-related tissue degeneration, such as osteoporosis.
  • The precise mechanisms of microenvironmental influence on MSC compromise during aging remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the contribution of microenvironmental factors to age-related MSC dysfunction.
  • To elucidate mechanisms underlying MSC differentiation bias under altered aging microenvironments.
  • To compare systemic and local microenvironmental influences on MSC differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review summarizing recent research on MSC dysfunction in aging.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms including signaling pathways, oxidative stress, and posttranscriptional regulation.
  • Comparative analysis of systemic versus local microenvironmental effects on MSC differentiation.

Main Results:

  • Microenvironmental changes in aging shift bone marrow-derived MSC differentiation from osteoblasts to adipocytes.
  • Key signaling pathways, oxidative stress, and posttranscriptional changes mediate MSC dysfunction.
  • Systemic and local microenvironments exert differential influences on MSC differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding microenvironmental impacts is crucial for addressing age-related MSC dysfunction.
  • Strategies like modulating signaling pathways, inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolism can rescue MSC differentiation.
  • Promoting MSC mobilization offers therapeutic potential for aging-related conditions.