Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 19, 2026
06:29
Microfluidic Co-culture of Renal Healthy and Tumor Epithelium to Model Kidney Cancer Progression
Published on: January 31, 2025
1.3K
Cancer mortality in a population exposed to nephrite processing.
Hsiao-Yu Yang1, Sheng-Hsiu Huang2, Ruei-Hao Shie3
1Department of Public Health and Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Occupational and Environmental Medicine
|June 16, 2016
Summary
Nephrite jade, a concrete amphibole mass, is linked to increased cancer risks. This study found elevated mortality for hypopharynx, larynx, esophagus, and stomach cancers due to elongated mineral particles (EMPs).
Area of Science:
- Environmental Health
- Occupational Medicine
- Mineralogy
Background:
- Asbestos is a known carcinogen, but health risks from asbestos minerals in concrete remain unclear.
- Nephrite jade contains both asbestiform and non-asbestiform amphibole particles.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the carcinogenic potential of nephrite jade.
- To explore the association between nephrite exposure and cancer mortality.
Main Methods:
- Examined cancer mortality data from 1979-2011 in a nephrite-producing region.
- Calculated standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for various cancers.
- Analyzed the physical and chemical properties of elongated mineral particles (EMPs) in airways.
Main Results:
- Significantly elevated mortality risks observed for hypopharynx, larynx, esophagus, and stomach cancers.
- EMPs found in airways had predominantly asbestiform structures.
- Major deposition sites for EMPs included the head airway and alveolar region.
Conclusions:
- Findings suggest an association between EMPs in nephrite jade and increased risk of respiratory and digestive cancers.
- Further research is recommended, incorporating smoking habits and asbestos exposure data.
Related Concept Videos
01:11Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments
568
In patients with renal impairment, drugs undergo significant changes in their pharmacokinetics, which require dosage adjustments to ensure safe and effective therapy.
Reduced renal clearance and elimination rate are common outcomes of renal impairment. These alterations lead to a prolonged elimination half-life and an altered apparent volume of distribution for drugs. As a result, dosage adjustments are typically necessary to maintain optimal drug levels in the body.
However, dosage adjustments...
Reduced renal clearance and elimination rate are common outcomes of renal impairment. These alterations lead to a prolonged elimination half-life and an altered apparent volume of distribution for drugs. As a result, dosage adjustments are typically necessary to maintain optimal drug levels in the body.
However, dosage adjustments...
568
01:30Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention
455
Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
455
01:15Renal Drug Excretion: Overview
924
As primary excretory organs, the kidneys maintain homeostasis by removing waste substances from the bloodstream. They comprise over a million units called nephrons, which serve as the kidney's functional units.
A nephron consists of two primary structures: the renal corpuscle and the renal tubule. The renal corpuscle contains the glomerulus, a network of capillaries where the first step of renal excretion, glomerular filtration, occurs. Blood pressure forces water, ions, and small molecules...
A nephron consists of two primary structures: the renal corpuscle and the renal tubule. The renal corpuscle contains the glomerulus, a network of capillaries where the first step of renal excretion, glomerular filtration, occurs. Blood pressure forces water, ions, and small molecules...
924
01:24Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions
122
Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...
122
01:25Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Dose Adjustments Based on Drug Clearance and Elimination Rate Constant
296
In patients with renal disease, dosage adjustments are necessary to maintain therapeutic plasma drug concentrations and prevent toxicity or subtherapeutic exposure. Renal impairment alters drug pharmacokinetics, especially in conditions like uremia, where changes such as prolonged elimination half-life and altered apparent volume of distribution can significantly affect drug disposition. These changes require careful modification of the dosing regimen to achieve the desired clinical...
296
01:28Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Secretion
1.1K
Active tubular secretion is a robust, energy-demanding process that utilizes carrier systems to transport drugs into renal tubules. The active renal secretion systems include the organic anion transporter (OAT) for weak acids and the organic cation transporter (OCT) for weak bases. Structurally similar drugs can compete for the same transporter, potentially leading to drug accumulation and toxicity. However, this principle can be exploited therapeutically. One example is probenecid (Probalan),...
1.1K