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Aeromonas dhakensis, an Increasingly Recognized Human Pathogen.

Po-Lin Chen1, Brigitte Lamy2, Wen-Chien Ko1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan; Center for Infection Control, National Cheng Kung University HospitalTainan, Taiwan.

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PubMed
Summary

Aeromonas dhakensis, a bacterium often misidentified, causes severe infections and is more lethal than other Aeromonas species. Accurate identification and understanding its virulence are crucial for effective treatment.

Keywords:
Aeromonas dhakensisantimicrobial resistanceclinical infectionepidemiologyidentificationtaxonomyvirulence

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Bacteriology

Background:

  • Aeromonas dhakensis, first isolated in 2002, is increasingly found in environmental and clinical settings.
  • This species is frequently misidentified by standard laboratory methods, necessitating molecular identification.
  • A. dhakensis infections are prevalent in coastal areas and affect both humans and animals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of Aeromonas dhakensis distribution, clinical significance, and virulence.
  • To highlight challenges in accurate species identification and discuss diagnostic methods.
  • To inform on antimicrobial resistance and treatment strategies for A. dhakensis infections.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on Aeromonas dhakensis.
  • Analysis of clinical case reports and environmental surveillance data.
  • Discussion of diagnostic techniques including phenotypic and molecular methods like MALDI-TOF MS.

Main Results:

  • A. dhakensis is widely distributed and causes significant human and animal infections, particularly soft tissue infections and bacteremia.
  • Bacteremia caused by A. dhakensis is associated with higher mortality rates compared to other Aeromonas species.
  • The species exhibits potent virulence, though specific mechanisms remain under investigation. Antimicrobial resistance, including AmpC and metallo-β-lactamase production, impacts treatment choices.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate identification of A. dhakensis is critical due to its distinct clinical and epidemiological profile.
  • Further research into virulence factors and host responses is needed to understand its pathogenicity.
  • Judicious antibiotic use, considering resistance patterns, is essential for managing severe A. dhakensis infections.