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Missing Rings in Pinus halepensis - The Missing Link to Relate the Tree-Ring Record to Extreme Climatic Events.

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Missing tree rings in Pinus halepensis indicate stress from extreme climatic events. This study reveals missing rings are a key indicator of climate change impacts on Mediterranean forests.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Botany
  • Climatology

Background:

  • Mediterranean Basin faces rising temperatures, reduced precipitation, and more extreme climatic events (ECE).
  • These changes negatively impact tree growth and increase susceptibility to pests and diseases.
  • Tree ring anatomy, specifically missing rings (MR), reflects environmental stress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between missing rings (MR) in Pinus halepensis and extreme climatic events (ECE).
  • To utilize a large dendrochronological network to analyze MR formation across the species' distribution.
  • To assess the potential of MR analysis for reconstructing past climate extremes and predicting future forest dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Established a dendrochronological network of Pinus halepensis across 113 sites.
  • Analyzed 225,428 tree rings to identify 4,150 missing rings (MR).
  • Employed binomial logistic regression and dendroclimatic regression to link MR frequency to climatic variables (temperature, precipitation) and cambial age.

Main Results:

  • MR frequency increases with cambial age.
  • South-eastern Spain and northern Algeria showed the highest MR frequency.
  • MR formation is non-linearly related to precipitation and temperature, particularly from October-February (temperature) and September-May (precipitation).
  • MRs are likely when precipitation is below 50 mm and temperatures exceed 5°C.

Conclusions:

  • Missing ring formation is a direct response of trees to adverse environmental conditions, not just a dendrochronological artifact.
  • The study demonstrates a strong link between MR formation and ECE in the Mediterranean Basin.
  • MR analysis offers a valuable tool for reconstructing past climate extremes and forecasting future forest resilience under climate change.