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Related Concept Videos

Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS01:21

Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS

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Pharmacological therapies for IBS-C are designed to alleviate abdominal discomfort and enhance bowel function. In patients with IBS-C, fiber supplements may help soften stools and decrease straining, but may also lead to increased gas production and bloating. Osmotic laxatives like milk of magnesia are frequently used to soften stools and increase stool frequency in IBS-C patients. In addition, two drugs approved for use in severe IBS-C adult cases are linaclotide (Linzess) and lubiprostone...
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Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders01:20

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Gastrointestinal or GI motility disorders are characterized by irregular gastrointestinal tract movements, disrupting food transit from the mouth to the anus. They are caused by damage or dysfunction in gut muscles or nerves. These disorders can cause symptoms such as severe constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and swallowing difficulties. Disorders can affect any segment of the GI tract and range widely in severity, from common conditions like GERD to life-threatening conditions like...
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction01:17

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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by functional disturbances in the gastrointestinal system, presenting a cluster of symptoms without evident structural or biochemical abnormalities. It primarily affects the large intestine and may cause abdominal pain, bloating, excessive gas, diarrhea, constipation, or both.
IBS is a chronic condition that can persist over a long period or recur frequently.
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Altered...
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Imaging Studies III: Gastrointestinal Motility Studies and Virtual Colonoscopy01:26

Imaging Studies III: Gastrointestinal Motility Studies and Virtual Colonoscopy

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This lesson explores three gastrointestinal imaging techniques: radionuclide testing, colonic transit studies, and virtual colonoscopy.
Radionuclide Testing
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In gastric emptying studies, a meal's liquid and...
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Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Serotonin Receptor Agonists01:23

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Serotonin, a crucial neurotransmitter synthesized by enterochromaffin cells, plays a cardinal role in regulating gastrointestinal (GI) motility. With over 90% of the body's total serotonin in the GI tract, its influence on digestive processes is profound. Serotonin is swiftly released upon various stimuli, such as food boluses or certain drugs, triggering intrinsic sensory neurons in the myenteric plexus and extrinsic vagal and spinal sensory neurons. This leads to the activation of the...
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Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

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Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Video Imaging and Spatiotemporal Maps to Analyze Gastrointestinal Motility in Mice
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Megacystis-Microcolon-Intestinal Hypoperistalsis Syndrome.

Paul Clark, Stephen C O'Connor

    Radiology Case Reports
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    PubMed
    Summary

    This case study details a rare congenital defect, megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome (MMIHS), in a newborn. Early diagnosis and management are crucial for this severe condition.

    Keywords:
    ISH, in-situ hybridizationKUB, kidney-ureter-bladderMMIHS, megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndromeTPN, total parental nutritionUTI, urinary tract infectionnAchR, n-acetycholine receptor

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    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Surgery
    • Neonatology
    • Gastroenterology

    Background:

    • Megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome (MMIHS) is a rare, severe congenital disorder affecting the bowel and bladder.
    • It is characterized by a distended bladder, a small colon, and absent intestinal peristalsis.
    • MMIHS typically presents in newborns with feeding intolerance and is often fatal within the first six months of life.

    Observation:

    • A newborn female infant presented with an abdominal mass, absent bowel sounds, and bilious emesis, indicating feeding intolerance.
    • Clinical examination revealed signs suggestive of a significant gastrointestinal obstruction.
    • Radiological findings, including ultrasound, were correlated with the clinical presentation.

    Findings:

    • The case confirmed a diagnosis of megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome (MMIHS).
    • The diagnostic process highlighted the importance of integrating clinical, radiological, and ultrasound data.
    • Surgical intervention and long-term total parenteral nutrition are typically required for management.

    Implications:

    • This case underscores the challenges in diagnosing and managing MMIHS in neonates.
    • Improved diagnostic strategies and early surgical intervention may offer better outcomes.
    • Further research into the pathophysiology and treatment of MMIHS is warranted.