Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

1.6K
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
1.6K
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

2.0K
Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
2.0K
Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

1.2K
Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
1.2K
Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

1.6K
γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for...
1.6K
Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers01:08

Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers

2.2K
Antiepileptic drugs are specialized medications that prevent seizures in individuals diagnosed with epilepsy. These drugs primarily function by blocking the movement of sodium ions through channels in the neuronal membrane, inhibiting the repetitive firing of action potentials often associated with seizures.
Sodium channel blockers modulate ion channels, particularly voltage-gated sodium channels. They block only sodium ion movement.
Among the most commonly prescribed antiepileptic drugs are...
2.2K
Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

906
Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
906

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Small sharp spikes precede the development of epileptiform discharges in temporal lobe epilepsy.

Epilepsy research·2026
Same author

Complete seizure freedom following minimally invasive laser callosotomy in a patient with lissencephaly type 1: Challenging the traditional paradigm.

Epileptic disorders : international epilepsy journal with videotape·2026
Same author

Epilepsy characteristics and outcomes in patients with pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas.

Journal of neuro-oncology·2026
Same author

Phase 1 evaluation of patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma treated with radiation, nivolumab, and IDO1 enzyme inhibitor BMS-986205.

Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research·2026
Same author

A Longitudinal Imaging and Clinical Data Workflow Identifies Potential Time-Dependent Risk Factors for Post-Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Epilepsy.

Neurocritical care·2026
Same author

Survival and function in elderly patients with GBM: the role of surgical resection with contemporary multimodal therapy.

Journal of neuro-oncology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization
09:57

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization

Published on: September 20, 2024

3.8K

Paraneoplastic epilepsy.

Anna Serafini1, Rimas V Lukas2, Stephen VanHaerents1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.

Epilepsy & Behavior : E&B
|June 16, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Paraneoplastic epilepsy arises from immune responses to cancer, often targeting neuronal surface or intracellular antigens. Early immune treatment of paraneoplastic syndromes can prevent severe epilepsy complications.

Keywords:
Autoimmune epilepsyMedically intractable epilepsyOnconeuronal antibodyParaneoplastic encephalitisParaneoplastic neurological syndrome

More Related Videos

Non-restraining EEG Radiotelemetry: Epidural and Deep Intracerebral Stereotaxic EEG Electrode Placement
06:58

Non-restraining EEG Radiotelemetry: Epidural and Deep Intracerebral Stereotaxic EEG Electrode Placement

Published on: June 25, 2016

20.1K
The Pilocarpine Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and EEG Monitoring Using Radiotelemetry System in Mice
10:08

The Pilocarpine Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and EEG Monitoring Using Radiotelemetry System in Mice

Published on: February 27, 2018

21.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization
09:57

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization

Published on: September 20, 2024

3.8K
Non-restraining EEG Radiotelemetry: Epidural and Deep Intracerebral Stereotaxic EEG Electrode Placement
06:58

Non-restraining EEG Radiotelemetry: Epidural and Deep Intracerebral Stereotaxic EEG Electrode Placement

Published on: June 25, 2016

20.1K
The Pilocarpine Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and EEG Monitoring Using Radiotelemetry System in Mice
10:08

The Pilocarpine Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and EEG Monitoring Using Radiotelemetry System in Mice

Published on: February 27, 2018

21.0K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Paraneoplastic syndromes involve immune reactions against neuronal elements due to underlying cancers.
  • These syndromes can manifest as epilepsy, particularly limbic encephalitis leading to temporal lobe epilepsy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on paraneoplastic epilepsy associated with onconeuronal antibodies.
  • To categorize antibodies targeting neuronal cell surface antigens and intracellular neuronal antigens.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature survey.
  • Classification of onconeuronal antibodies based on antigen targets (cell surface vs. intracellular).

Main Results:

  • Antibodies identified include those against neurotransmitter receptors (NMDA, AMPA, GABA), ion channels (VGKC), and intracellular antigens (Hu, Ma2/Ta, GAD65).
  • Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most frequent seizure type in paraneoplastic syndromes due to limbic encephalitis.

Conclusions:

  • Paraneoplastic epilepsy is linked to specific onconeuronal antibodies.
  • Early immunomodulatory treatment of paraneoplastic syndromes is crucial to prevent severe neurological sequelae like epilepsy.